Chapter Questions
Thompson found a localized engram, whereas Lashley did not. What key differences in procedures or assumptions were probably responsible for their different results?
What evidence indicates that the red nucleus isnecessary for performance of a conditioned response but not for learning the response?
How do epinephrine and cortisol enhance memory storage?
What is a way to test working memory in both humans and nonhumans?
Which types of memory were most impaired in H. M. and people with similar types of amnesia?
Which types of memory were least impaired in H. M. and people with similar types of amnesia?
What type of memory do the radial maze and the Morris water maze test?
According to the context hypothesis, why does hippocampal damage impair recent memories more than distant memories?
On what kind of question is someone with Korsakoff's syndrome most likely to confabulate?
Which type of memory is generally least impaired for people with Alzheimer's disease?
When you first learned to drive a car, you had to carefully think about everything you did. After much practice, your movements became smooth and automatic. What does this observation imply about the brain mechanisms of learning?
The basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex contribute to learning a response based on rewards and punishments. How do these areas differ?
How can a Hebbian synapse account for the basic phenomena of classical conditioning?
When serotonin blocks potassium channels on the presynaptic terminal, what is the effect on transmission?
Before LTP: In the normal state, what is the effect of glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At the NMDA receptors?
During the formation of LTP, when a burst of intense stimulation releases much more glutamate than usual at two or more incoming axons, what is the effect of the glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At the NMDA receptors?
After the neuron has gone through LTP, what is now the effect of glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At the NMDA receptors?
Researchers have found several ways of improving memory in rodents, including genetic modification. Why do we not apply these methods to humans?