Book cover for College Physics for AP® Courses

College Physics for AP® Courses

Irina Lyublinskaya, Gregg Wolfe, Douglas Ingram , Liza Pujji

ISBN #9781938168932

2,282 Questions

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Summary

Learning Objectives

Key Concepts

Example Problems

Explanations

Common Mistakes

Summary

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy that occurs spontaneously from a system of higher temperature to one of lower temperature, driven by microscopic particle collisions and macroscopic processes such as convection and radiation. The relationships governing heat transfer, including Q = mc?T for temperature change and Q = mL for phase transition, allow us to calculate energy transfer in diverse real-world scenarios. Mastering these concepts improves our understanding of natural phenomena and engineering applications from cooking to building insulation.

Learning Objectives

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Key Concepts

CONCEPT

DEFINITION

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Example Problems

Example 1

On a hot day, the temperature of an $80,000$ -L swimming pool increases by $1.50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . What is the net heat transfer during this heating? Ignore any complications, such as loss of water by evaporation.

Example 2

Show that 1 cal/g ? $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}=1$ kcal/kg ?$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$

Example 3

To sterilize a 50.0-g glass baby bottle, we must raise its temperature from $22.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $95.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ How much heat transfer is required?

Example 4

The same heat transfer into identical masses of different substances produces different temperature changes. Calculate the final temperature when 1.00 kcal of heat transfers into 1.00 kg of the following, originally at $20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} :$ (a) water; (b) concrete; (c) steel; and (d) mercury.

Example 5

Rubbing your hands together warms them by converting work into thermal energy. If a woman rubs her hands back and forth for a total of 20 rubs, at a distance of 7.50 cm per rub, and with an average frictional force of 40.0 N, what is the temperature increase? The mass of tissues warmed is only 0.100 kg, mostly in the palms and fingers.

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Common Mistakes

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