A 100.00 g sample of white powder A is heated to 550^∘ C At that temperature the powder decompos

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A 100.00 g sample of white powder A is heated to 550^∘ C At...

A $100.00 \mathrm{g}$ sample of white powder $\mathrm{A}$ is heated to $550^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ At that temperature the powder decomposes, giving off colorless gas $\mathrm{B}$, which is denser than air and is neither flammable nor does it support combustion. The products also include $56 \mathrm{g}$ of a second white powder $\mathrm{C}$. When gas B is bubbled through a solution of calcium hydroxide, substance A reforms. What are the identities of substances $A, B,$ and $C ?$

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Reactions Involving Gaseous Species

Some gaseous species, when dissolved in water or reacted with bases, undergo acid-base reactions leading to the formation of new compounds. This concept is illustrated by the reaction of certain gases with aqueous calcium hydroxide to form insoluble precipitates. Understanding these reactions aids in both the identification of gases and the study of neutralization mechanisms in inorganic chemistry.

Thermal Decomposition

Thermal decomposition refers to the process by which a chemical compound is broken down into simpler substances when heated. This concept is central in understanding how certain solid compounds, such as metal carbonates, decompose to yield an oxide and a gaseous component upon heating. It involves the study of the stability of compounds and the energy required to initiate and sustain the decomposition reaction.

Stoichiometry and Mass Conservation

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Using the principle of mass conservation, one can determine the amount of gas released or the mass of residual solid remaining after a decomposition reaction. This concept is crucial for analyzing reaction yields and understanding the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions.

Gas Identification through Physical Properties

Identifying gases by their physical properties—such as color, density relative to air, flammability, and reactivity—is a key concept in chemistry. These properties help in determining the identity of a gas produced in a reaction. For example, a gas that is colorless, denser than air, non-flammable, and does not support combustion can be characterized by these distinguishing features.

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