A Class B internet address, used for medium-sized networks....

A Class B internet address, used for medium-sized networks. is a bit string of length 32 . The first bits are 10 (to identify it as a Class $\mathrm{B}$ address). The netid is given by the next 14 bits, which identifies the network. The hostid is given by the remaining 16 bits, which identifies the computer interface. The hostid must not consist of all 0 's or all 1's. How many Class B addresses are available?

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Key Concepts

IP Address Structure

An IP address in IPv4 is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a device on a network. It is commonly divided into parts that specify network and host segments, allowing for the hierarchical organization of networks.

Classful Addressing

Classful addressing categorizes IP addresses into classes (A, B, C, etc.) based on the leading bits of the address. For instance, Class B addresses have their first two bits set to '10', which identifies the class and determines the partitioning of the remaining bits into network and host identifiers.

Network and Host Partitioning

In the context of Class B addresses, after the fixed class bits, 14 bits are allocated to the network identifier (netid) and the remaining 16 bits to the host identifier (hostid). This partitioning defines how many unique networks exist as well as how many hosts are available within each network.

Address Counting with Reserved Bits

The process of calculating available addresses involves considering all possible combinations of bits in the network and host portions, and then subtracting combinations reserved for special purposes. In IP addressing, host identifiers with all bits set to 0 or all bits set to 1 are reserved for network and broadcast addresses, respectively, hence they are excluded from the usable address pool.

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