Complete the following table for the three naturally...

Complete the following table for the three naturally occurring isotopes of silicon, the major component in computer chips: (4.5) $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\text { Atomic Symbol }} \\ \cline { 2 - 4 } & { }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{29} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{30} \mathrm{Si} \\ \hline \text { Atomic Number } & & & \\ \hline \text { Mass Number } & & & \\ \hline \text { Number of Protons } & & & \\ \hline \text { Number of Neutrons } & & & \\ \hline \text { Number of Electrons } & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Complete the following table for the three naturally occurring isotopes of silicon, the major component in computer chips: (4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\text { Atomic Symbol }} \\
\cline { 2 - 4 } & { }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{29} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{30} \mathrm{Si} \\
\hline \text { Atomic Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Mass Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Protons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Neutrons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Electrons } & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Key Concepts

Electrons

Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in various energy levels. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, ensuring that the atom has no overall electrical charge. Their distribution around the nucleus determines the atom’s chemical reactivity.

Neutrons

Neutrons are electrically neutral particles residing in the nucleus alongside protons. They contribute to the overall mass of an atom and play an important role in the formation of isotopes, as variations in neutron numbers result in different isotopic masses.

Protons

Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons determines the atomic number and thus the elemental identity. In neutral atoms, protons balance with electrons to maintain electrical neutrality.

Atomic Number

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element and remains constant across all its isotopes. This number is fundamental to the organization of the periodic table and to establishing chemical properties.

Isotopes

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron counts results in varying mass numbers for each isotope, while the atomic number remains constant, defining the element’s identity.

Mass Number

The mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. It indicates the atomic mass of an isotope. Since isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, each isotope of an element will have a distinct mass number.

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