Basic Chemistry

Karen C. Timberlake, William Timberlake

Chapter 4

Atoms and Elements - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Write the symbols for the following elements:
a. copper
b. platinum
c. calcium
d. manganese
e. iron
f. barium
g. lead
h. strontium

Rithvik Manne

Rithvik Manne

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Write the symbols for the following elements:
a. oxygen
b. lithium
c. uranium
d. titanium
e. hydrogen
f. chromium
g. tin
h. gold

Rithvik Manne

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Determine if each of the following symbols is correct. If incorrect, write the correct symbol.
a. silver, $\mathrm{Si}$
b. silicon, SI
c. antimony, SB
d. mercury, $\mathrm{Hg}$
e. fluorine, $\mathrm{Fl}$

Zaida Minjares

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Determine if each of the following symbols is correct. If incorrect, write the correct symbol.
a. potassium, $P$
b. sodium, $\mathrm{Na}$
c. chlorine, Ch
d. neon, $\mathrm{N}$
e. nickel, $\mathrm{Ni}$

Arron Martel

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Write the name for the symbol of each of the following elements found in the body:
a. $\mathrm{C}$
b. $\mathrm{Cl}$
c. I
d. $\mathrm{Se}$
e. $\mathrm{N}$
f. $\mathrm{S}$
g. $\mathrm{Zn}$
h. $\mathrm{Co}$

Emily Himsel

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Write the name for the symbol of each of the following elements found in the body:
a. $\mathrm{V}$
b. $P$
c. $\mathrm{Na}$
d. As
e. $\mathrm{Ca}$
f. Mo
g. $\mathrm{Mg}$
h. $\mathrm{Si}$

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Write the names for the elements in each of the following formulas of compounds used in medicine:
a. table salt, $\mathrm{NaCl}$
b. plaster casts, $\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}$
c. Demerol, $\mathrm{C}_{15} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{ClNO}_{2}$
d. treatment of bipolar disorder, $\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Write the names for the elements in each of the following formulas of compounds used in medicine:
a. salt substitute, $\mathrm{KCl}$
b. dental cement, $\mathrm{Zn}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}$
c. antacid, $\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$
d. contrast agent for $\mathrm{X}$-ray, $\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}$

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Identify the group or period number described by each of the following:
a. contains $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{O}$
b. begins with helium
c. contains the alkali metals
d. ends with neon

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Identify the group or period number described by each of the following:
a. contains $\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{K}$, and $\mathrm{Rb}$
b. begins with $\mathrm{Be}$
c. contains the noble gases
d. contains $\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{F}$

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Give the symbol of the element described by each of the following:
a. Group 4A (14), Period 2
b. the noble gas in Period 1
c. the alkali metal in Period 3
d. Group 2A (2), Period 4
e. Group 3A (13), Period 3

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Give the symbol of the element described by each of the following:
a. the alkaline earth metal in Period 2
b. Group 5A (15), Period 3
c. the noble gas in Period 4
d. the halogen in Period 5
e. Group 4A (14), Period 4

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid:
a. barium
b. sulfur
c. a shiny element
d. an element that is a gas at room temperature
e. located in Group 8A (18)
f. bromine
g. boron
h. silver

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid:
a. located in Group 2A (2)
b. a good conductor of electricity
c. fluorine
d. bismuth
e. an element that is not shiny
f. scandium
g. polonium
h. tin

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Using Table $4.4$, identify the function of each of the following elements in the body and classify each as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition element, or a halogen:
a. Ca
b. $\mathrm{Fe}$
c. $\mathrm{K}$
d. Cl
e. $\mathrm{V}$
f. $\mathrm{Cr}$

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

Using Table $4.4$, identify the function of each of the following elements in the body, and classify each as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition element, or a halogen:
a. $\mathrm{Mg}$
b. $\mathrm{Cu}$
c. I
d. $\mathrm{Na}$
e. Co
f. $\mathrm{Mn}$

Thomas Harr

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Identify each of the elements in problem $4.15$ as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid.

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Identify each of the elements in problem $4.16$ as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Identify each of the following as describing either a proton, a neutron, or an electron:
a. has the smallest mass
b. has a $1+$ charge
c. is found outside the nucleus
d. is electrically neutral

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Identify each of the following as describing either a proton, a neutron, or an electron:
a. has a mass about the same as a proton
b. is found in the nucleus
c. is attracted to the protons
d. has a $1-$ charge

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

What did Rutherford determine about the structure of the atom from his gold-foil experiment?

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

How did Thomson determine that the electrons have a negative charge?

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Is each of the following statements true or false?
a. A proton and an electron have opposite charges.
b. The nucleus contains most of the mass of an atom.
c. Electrons repel each other.
d. A proton is attracted to a neutron.

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

Is each of the following statements true or false?
a. A proton is attracted to an electron.
b. A neutron has twice the mass of a proton.
c. Neutrons repel each other.
d. Electrons and neutrons have opposite charges.

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

On a dry day, your hair flies apart when you brush it. How would you explain this?

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Sometimes clothes cling together when removed from a dryer. What kinds of charges are on the clothes?

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Would you use the atomic number, mass number, or both to determine each of the following?
a. number of protons in an atom
b. number of neutrons in an atom
c. number of particles in the nucleus
d. number of electrons in a neutral atom

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

Identify the type of subatomic particles described by each of the following:
a. atomic number
b. mass number
c. mass number - atomic number
d. mass number $+$ atomic number

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

Write the names and symbols for the elements with the following atomic numbers:
a. 3
b. 9
c. 20
d. 30
e. 10
f. 14
g. 53
h. 8

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

Write the names and symbols for the elements with the following atomic numbers:
a. 1
b. 11
c. 19
d. 82
e. 35
f. 47
g. 15
h. 2

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 31

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements?
a. argon
b. manganese
c. iodine
d. cadmium

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements?
a. carbon
b. fluorine
c. tin
d. nickel

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

Complete the following table for atoms of essential elements in the body:
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Name } \\
\text { of the } \\
\text { Element }
\end{array} & \text { Symbol } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Atomic } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Mass } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Protons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Neutrons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Electrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline & \text { Zn } & & 66 & & & \\
\hline & & 12 & & & 12 & \\
\hline \text { Potassium } & & & & & 20 & \\
\hline & & & & 16 & 15 & \\
\hline & & & 56 & & & 26 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

Complete the following table for atoms of essential elements in the body:
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Name } \\
\text { of the } \\
\text { Element }
\end{array} & \text { Symbol } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Atomic } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Mass } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Protons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Neutrons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Electrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline & \mathrm{N} & & 15 & & & \\
\hline \text { Calcium } & & & 42 & & & \\
\hline & & & & 53 & 72 & \\
\hline & & 14 & & & 16 & \\
\hline & & 29 & 65 & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Jason Boomer

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes?
a. ${ }_{38}^{89} \mathrm{Sr}$
b. ${ }_{24}^{52} \mathrm{Cr}$
c. ${ }_{16}^{34} \mathrm{~S}$
d. ${ }_{35}^{81} \mathrm{Br}$

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes?
a. ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}$
b. ${ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}$
c. ${ }_{14}^{26} \mathrm{Si}$
d. ${ }_{30}^{70} \mathrm{Zn}$

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics:
a. 15 protons and 16 neutrons
b. 35 protons and 45 neutrons
c. 50 electrons and 72 neutrons
d. a chlorine atom with 18 neutrons
e. a mercury atom with 122 neutrons

Sam Limsuwannarot

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics:
a. an oxygen atom with 10 neutrons
b. 4 protons and 5 neutrons
c. 25 electrons and 28 neutrons
d. a mass number of 24 and 13 neutrons
e. a nickel atom with 32 neutrons

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers 36,38 , and 40 .
a. Write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms.
b. How are these isotopes alike?
c. How are they different?
d. Why is the atomic mass of argon listed on the periodic table not a whole number?
e. Which isotope is the most abundant in a sample of argon?

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

Strontium has four naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers $84,86,87$, and 88 .
a. Write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms.
b. How are these isotopes alike?
c. How are they different?
d. Why is the atomic mass of strontium listed on the periodic table not a whole number?
e. Which isotope is the most abundant in a sample of strontium?

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

What is the difference between the mass of an isotope and the atomic mass of an element?

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

What is the difference between the mass number and the atomic mass of an element?

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

Copper consists of two isotopes, ${ }_{29}^{63} \mathrm{Cu}$ and ${ }_{29}^{65} \mathrm{Cu}$. If the atomic mass for copper on the periodic table is $63.55$, are there more atoms of ${ }_{29}^{63} \mathrm{Cu}$ or ${ }_{29}^{65} \mathrm{Cu}$ in a sample of copper?

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

There are two naturally occurring isotopes of iridium: Ir-191 and Ir-193. Use the atomic mass of iridium listed on the periodic table to identify the more abundant isotope.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

Cadmium consists of eight naturally occurring isotopes. Do you expect any of the isotopes to have the atomic mass listed on the periodic table for cadmium? Explain.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

Zinc consists of five naturally occurring isotopes: ${ }_{30}^{64} \mathrm{Zn},{ }_{30}^{66} \mathrm{Zn}$, ${ }_{30}^{67} \mathrm{Zn},{ }_{30}^{68} \mathrm{Zn}$, and ${ }_{30}^{70} \mathrm{Zn}$. None of these isotopes has the atomic mass of $65.41$ listed for zinc on the periodic table. Explain.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

Two isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring, with ${ }_{31}^{69} \mathrm{Ga}$ at $60.11 \%(68.93 \mathrm{amu})$ and ${ }_{31}^{71} \mathrm{Ga}$ at $39.89 \%$ (70.92 amu). Calculate the atomic mass for gallium using the weighted average mass method.

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

Two isotopes of rubidium occur naturally, with ${ }_{37}^{85} \mathrm{Rb}$ at $72.17 \%$ (84.91 amu) and ${ }_{37}^{87} \mathrm{Rb}$ at $27.83 \%(86.91 \mathrm{amu})$. Calculate the atomic mass for rubidium using the weighted average mass method.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 49

a. What is the group number and name of the group that contains potassium?
b. Is potassium a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid?
c. How many protons are in an atom of potassium?
A mineral deficiency of potassium causes brown spots on potato leaves.
d. Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes. They are $\mathrm{K}-39, \mathrm{~K}-40$, and $\mathrm{K}-41$. Using the atomic mass of potassium, determine which isotope of potassium is the most abundant.

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

a. How many neutrons are in $\mathrm{K}-41$ ?
b. If John's potato field has an area of $34.5$ hectares, how many pounds of fertilizer does John need to use?
c. Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes. They are K-39 (93.26\%, $38.964$ amu), K-40 (0.0117\%, $39.964 \mathrm{amu})$, and $\mathrm{K}-41(6.73 \%, 40.962 \mathrm{amu})$. Calculate the atomic mass for potassium from the naturally occurring isotopes and percentage abundance using the weighted average mass method.

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

According to Dalton's atomic theory, which of the following are true or false? If false, correct the statement to make it true. (4.3)
a. Atoms of an element are identical to atoms of other elements.
b. Every element is made of atoms.
c. Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.
d. In a chemical reaction, some atoms disappear and new atoms appear.

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 52

Use Rutherford's gold-foil experiment to answer each of the following: (4.3)
a. What did Rutherford expect to happen when he aimed particles at the gold foil?
b. How did the results differ from what he expected?
c. How did he use the results to propose a model of the atom?

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 53

Match the subatomic particles ( $\mathbf{1}$ to $\mathbf{3}$ ) to each of the descriptions below. (4.4)
1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons
a. atomic mass
b. atomic number
c. positive charge
d. negative charge
e. mass number $-$ atomic number

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 54

Match the subatomic particles (1 to $\mathbf{3}$ ) to each of the descriptions below. (4.4)
1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons
a. mass number
b. surround the nucleus
c. in the nucleus
d. charge of 0
e. equal to number of electrons

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 55

Consider the following atoms in which $\mathrm{X}$ represents the chemical symbol of the element: (4.5)
${ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{9}^{16} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{10}^{18} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{8}^{17} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{8}^{18} \mathrm{X}$
a. What atoms have the same number of protons?
b. Which atoms are isotopes? Of what element?
c. Which atoms have the same mass number?

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 56

Consider the following atoms in which $\mathrm{X}$ represents the chemical symbol of the element: (4.5)
${ }_{47}^{124} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{49}^{116} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{50}^{116} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{50}^{124} \mathrm{X} \quad{ }_{48}^{116} \mathrm{X}$
a. What atoms have the same number of protons?
b. Which atoms are isotopes? Of what element?
c. Which atoms have the same mass number?

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 57

For each representation of a nucleus $\mathbf{A}$ through $\mathbf{E}$, write the atomic symbol, and identify which are isotopes. (4.5)
Proton
Neutron
A
$\mathbf{B}$
$\mathbf{C}$
D
$\mathbf{E}$

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 58

Identify the element represented by each nucleus $\mathbf{A}$ through $\mathbf{E}$ in problem $4.57$ as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid. (4.2)

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 59

Complete the following table for three of the naturally occurring isotopes of germanium, which is a metalloid used in semiconductors: (4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\text { Atomic Symbol }} \\
\cline { 2 - 4 } & { }_{70}^{70} \mathrm{Ge} & { }^{73} \mathrm{Ge} & { }^{76} \mathrm{Ge} \\
\hline \text { Atomic Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Mass Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Protons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Neutrons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Electrons } & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Kratika Bhadauria

Kratika Bhadauria

Numerade Educator

Problem 60

Complete the following table for the three naturally occurring isotopes of silicon, the major component in computer chips: (4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\text { Atomic Symbol }} \\
\cline { 2 - 4 } & { }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{29} \mathrm{Si} & { }_{14}^{30} \mathrm{Si} \\
\hline \text { Atomic Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Mass Number } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Protons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Neutrons } & & & \\
\hline \text { Number of Electrons } & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 61

Complete the following statements: $(4.2,4.4)$
a. The atomic number gives the number of ________ in the nucleus.
b. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of ________ .
c. Sodium and potassium are examples of elements called ________.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 62

Complete the following statements: $(4.2,4.4)$
a. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is the ________ number.
b. The elements in Group 7A (17) are called the ________.
c. Elements that are shiny and conduct heat are called ________.

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 63

Write the chemical symbol and group and period number for each of the following elements: (4.2)
a. bromine
b. argon
c. lithium
d. radium

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 64

Write the chemical symbol and group and period number for each of the following elements: (4.2)
a. radon
b. tin
c. carbon
d. magnesium

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 65

The following trace elements have been found to be crucial to the functions of the body. Indicate each as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid. (4.2)
a. molybdenum
b. vanadium
c. silicon
d. iodine

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 66

The following trace elements have been found to be crucial to the functions of the body. Indicate each as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid. (4.2)
a. copper
b. selenium
c. arsenic
d. chromium

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 67

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false: (4.3)
a. The proton is a negatively charged particle.
b. The neutron is 2000 times as heavy as a proton.
c. The atomic mass unit is based on a carbon atom with six protons and six neutrons.
d. The nucleus is the largest part of the atom.
e. The electrons are located outside the nucleus.

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 68

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false: (4.3)
a. The neutron is electrically neutral.
b. Most of the mass of an atom is because of the protons and neutrons.
c. The charge of an electron is equal, but opposite, to the charge of a neutron.
d. The proton and the electron have about the same mass.
e. The mass number is the number of protons.

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 69

For the following atoms, give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons: $(4.4,4.5)$
a. ${ }_{48}^{114} \mathrm{Cd}$
b. ${ }_{43}^{98} \mathrm{Tc}$
c. ${ }_{79}^{199} \mathrm{Au}$
d. ${ }_{86}^{222} \mathrm{Rn}$
e. ${ }_{54}^{136} \mathrm{Xe}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 70

For the following atoms, give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons: $(4.4,4.5)$
a. ${ }_{80}^{202} \mathrm{Hg}$
b. ${ }_{53}^{127} \mathrm{I}$
c. ${ }_{35}^{75} \mathrm{Br}$
d. ${ }_{55}^{133} \mathrm{Cs}$
e. ${ }_{78}^{195} \mathrm{Pt}$

Derrick Danso

Numerade Educator

Problem 71

Complete the following table: (4.4, 4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Name } \\
\text { of the } \\
\text { Element }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Atomic } \\
\text { Symbol }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Protons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Neutrons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Electrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline & \begin{array}{l}
80 \\
34
\end{array} & & & \\
\hline & & 28 & 34 & \\
\hline \text { Magnesium } & & 14 & \\
\hline & { }_{88}^{228} \mathrm{Ra} & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 72

Complete the following table: (4.4, 4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Name } \\
\text { of the } \\
\text { Element }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Atomic } \\
\text { Symbol }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Protons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Neutrons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Electrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Potassium } & & & 22 & \\
\hline & { }_{23}^{51} \mathrm{~V} & & & \\
\hline & & 48 & 64 & \\
\hline \text { Barium } & & & 82 & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Sima Sarker

Numerade Educator

Problem 73

Provide the following: $(4.2,4.4)$
a. the atomic number and symbol of the lightest alkali metal
b. the atomic number and symbol of the heaviest noble gas
c. the atomic mass and symbol of the alkaline earth metal in Period 3
d. the atomic mass and symbol of the halogen with the fewest electrons

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 74

Provide the following: $(4.2,4.4)$
a. the atomic number and symbol of the heaviest metalloid in Group 4A (14)
b. the atomic number and symbol of the element in Group 5A (15), Period 6
c. the atomic mass and symbol of the alkali metal in Period
d. the metalloid in Group 3A (13)

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 75

Write the names and symbols of the elements with the following atomic numbers: (4.4)
a. 35
b. 57
c. 52
d. 33
e. 50
f. 55

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 76

Write the names and symbols of the elements with the following atomic numbers: (4.4)
a. 22
b. 49
c. 26
d. 54
e. 78
f. 83

Patsy Naomi

Numerade Educator

Problem 77

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements? (4.4)
a. $\mathrm{Pt}$
b. phosphorus
c. $\mathrm{Sr}$
d. Co
e. uranium

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 78

How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements? (4.4)
a. chromium
b. $\mathrm{Cs}$
c. copper
d. chlorine
e. $\mathrm{Ba}$

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 79

Write the atomic symbol for each of the following: (4.5)
a. an atom with 22 protons and 26 neutrons
b. an atom with 12 protons and 14 neutrons
c. a gallium atom with a mass number of 71
d. an atom with 30 electrons and 40 neutrons

Sam Limsuwannarot

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

Problem 80

Write the atomic symbol for each of the following: (4.5)
a. an aluminum atom with 14 neutrons
b. an atom with atomic number 26 and 32 neutrons
c. a lead atom with 125 neutrons
d. an atom with a mass number of 72 and atomic number 33

Sam Limsuwannarot

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

Problem 81

Lead consists of four naturally occurring isotopes. Calculate the atomic mass for lead using the weighted average mass method. (4.5)
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { Isotope } & \text { Mass (amu) } & \text { Abundance (\%) } \\
\hline{ }_{82}^{204} \mathrm{~Pb} & 204.0 & 1.40 \\
\hline{ }_{82}^{206} \mathrm{~Pb} & 206.0 & 24.10 \\
\hline{ }_{82}^{207} \mathrm{~Pb} & 207.0 & 22.10 \\
\hline{ }_{82}^{208} \mathrm{~Pb} & 208.0 & 52.40 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 82

Indium (In) has two naturally occurring isotopes: In-113 and In-115. In-113 has a $4.30 \%$ abundance and a mass of $112.9 \mathrm{amu}$, and In-115 has a $95.70 \%$ abundance and a mass of $114.9 \mathrm{amu}$. Calculate the atomic mass for indium using the weighted average mass method. (4.5)

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 83

The most abundant isotope of lead is ${ }_{82}^{208} \mathrm{~Pb} .(4.4,4.5)$
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in ${ }_{82}^{208} \mathrm{~Pb}$ ?
b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of lead with 132 neutrons?
c. What is the name and symbol of an atom with the same mass number as in part $\mathbf{b}$ and 131 neutrons?

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 84

The most abundant isotope of silver is ${ }_{47}^{107} \mathrm{Ag} .(4.4,4.5)$
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in ${ }_{47}^{107} \mathrm{Ag}$ ?
b. What is the symbol of another isotope of silver with 62 neutrons?
c. What is the name and symbol of an atom with the same mass number as in part $\mathbf{b}$ and 61 neutrons?

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 85

The most abundant isotope of gold is Au-197. (4.5)
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this isotope?
b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of gold with 116 neutrons?
c. What is the atomic symbol of an atom with an atomic number of 78 and 116 neutrons?

Asami Ehlert

Numerade Educator

Problem 86

The most abundant isotope of calcium is Ca-40. (4.5)
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this isotope?
b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of calcium with 24 neutrons?
c. What is the atomic symbol of an atom with an atomic number of 21 and 24 neutrons?

Shalini Tyagi

Numerade Educator

Problem 87

Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes: Si-28 that has a percentage abundance of $92.23 \%$ and a mass of $27.977 \mathrm{amu}$, Si-29 that has an abundance of $4.68 \%$ and a mass of $28.976 \mathrm{amu}$, and Si-30 that has a percentage abundance of $3.09 \%$ and a mass of $29.974 \mathrm{amu}$. Calculate the atomic mass for silicon using the weighted average mass method. (4.5)

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 88

Antimony (Sb) has two naturally occurring isotopes: Sb-121 that has a percentage abundance of $57.21 \%$ and a mass of $120.90 \mathrm{amu}$, and $\mathrm{Sb}-123$ that has a percentage abundance of $42.79 \%$ and a mass of $122.90$ amu. Calculate the atomic mass for antimony using the weighted average mass method. (4.5)

Shveta Prithiani

Shveta Prithiani

Numerade Educator

Problem 89

There are four naturally occurring isotopes of strontium: $(4.4,4.5)$
${ }_{38}^{84} \mathrm{Sr},{ }_{38}^{86} \mathrm{Sr},{ }_{38}^{87} \mathrm{Sr}$, and ${ }_{38}^{88} \mathrm{Sr}$
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Sr-87?
b. What is the most abundant isotope in a strontium sample?
c. How many neutrons are in Sr-84?
d. Why don't any of the isotopes of strontium have the atomic mass of $87.62 \mathrm{amu}$ listed on the periodic table?

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 90

There are four naturally occurring isotopes of iron: $(4.4,4.5)$
${ }_{26}^{54} \mathrm{Fe},{ }_{26}^{56} \mathrm{Fe},{ }_{26}^{57} \mathrm{Fe}$, and ${ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}$
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in ${ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}$ ?
b. What is the most abundant isotope in an iron sample?
c. How many neutrons are in ${ }_{26}^{57} \mathrm{Fe}$ ?
d. Why don't any of the isotopes of iron have the atomic mass of $55.85 \mathrm{amu}$ listed on the periodic table?

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator