Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION CANNOT COPY)

Name: Problem 18, Chapter 12: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-06-08T23:39:14-08:00
Duration: 5 min 37 s
Channel: Allison Krajewski
Description: Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION CANNOT COPY)

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (EQUATION...

Key Concepts

Functional Group Priority

Certain functional groups significantly affect the naming of an organic compound because they possess priority in the IUPAC rules. The functional group with the highest priority often determines the suffix of the compound name, while others are considered as substituents. Understanding these priorities is crucial for correctly naming compounds with multiple functional groups.

Substituent Identification and Numbering

After determining the longest chain, any branches or substituents attached to this chain must be identified. They are named using prefixes, and the chain must be numbered in such a way that the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers. This process ensures that the name accurately reflects the structure of the molecule.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is the systematic method developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for naming chemical compounds. It provides a standardized way to name organic and inorganic compounds based on their structure, allowing chemists around the world to communicate unambiguously about chemicals regardless of local naming traditions.

Longest Chain Identification

Identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in an organic compound is a fundamental part of IUPAC naming. This chain forms the base name of the compound, and its length determines the root name, such as methane, ethane, propane, and so on.

Transcript

00:01 Okay.

00:03 So when you're naming ketones and aldehydes, the first thing that you always want to do is identify your functional group as either in these cases, an aldehyde or a ketone.

00:16 From there, you're going to count the longest carbon chain that also contains this functional group, and you're going to change the suffix to either al for an aldehyde or o -n -e for a ketone.

00:31 And then from there, you'll number any substituents that you have, giving them the lowest number.

00:40 So let's look at the first example.

00:43 So for part a, the first thing you'll hopefully notice is that you have an aldehyde.

00:50 So because you have an aldehyde, you need to use a suffix a -l.

00:56 So starting with this carbon is carbon 1, you're going to count the longest possible carbon chain that contains this aldehyde group.

01:06 So if we number from right to left, we have one, two, three, four, five.

01:14 And because there's five carbons, we know it's if there were no ketone or if there was no aldehyde, then it would just be pentane.

01:25 But because we have an aldehyde, it's going to be pentanow.

01:29 So pentane.

01:32 But we're going to change this to an al.

01:37 And then the other thing we have to keep in mind is the position of our substituent.

01:42 So we have a methyl group on carbon 3.

01:45 So if we were to put this all together, starting with our substituent, we would have three methyl pentanow.

01:56 And you don't have to number your aldehyde substituent because by default it's going to be on carbon 1.

02:07 So let's look at a second example.

02:10 So looking at this, you'll notice that this is going to be a ketone.

02:15 So you're going to need the suffix, o -n -e.

02:20 Then you want to number the carbons so that this ketone group has the lowest possible number.

02:26 So if you start numbering from the right, you would have one, two, three, four, five with your ketone on carbon two.

02:35 If you were to start numbering from the left, it would be on carbon four, which is not the way that you would want to number it.

02:42 So in this case, again, just like the previous one, five carbons is pentane...

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