Large quantities of fertilizer are washed into the...

Large quantities of fertilizer are washed into the Mississippi River from agricultural land in the Midwest. The excess nutrients collect in the Gulf of Mexico, promoting the growth of algae and endangering other aquatic life.a. One commonly used fertilizer is ammonium nitrate. What is the chemical formula of ammonium nitrate? b. Corn farmers typically use $5.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{kg}$ of ammonium nitrate per square kilometer of cornfield per year. Ammonium nitrate can be prepared by the following reaction: $$\mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}(a q)$$ How much nitric acid would be required to make the fertilizer needed for $1 \mathrm{km}^{2}$ of cornfield per year? c. The ammonium ions can be converted into $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ by bacterial action. $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)$ If $10 \%$ of the ammonium component of $5.0 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{kg}$ of fertilizer ends up as nitrate, how much oxygen would be consumed?

Large quantities of fertilizer are washed into the Mississippi River from agricultural land in the Midwest. The excess nutrients collect in the Gulf of Mexico, promoting the growth of algae and endangering other aquatic life.a. One commonly used fertilizer is ammonium nitrate. What is the chemical formula of ammonium nitrate?
b. Corn farmers typically use $5.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{kg}$ of ammonium nitrate per square kilometer of cornfield per year. Ammonium nitrate can be prepared by the following reaction:
$$\mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}(a q)$$
How much nitric acid would be required to make the fertilizer needed for $1 \mathrm{km}^{2}$ of cornfield per year?
c. The ammonium ions can be converted into $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ by bacterial action.
$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)$
If $10 \%$ of the ammonium component of $5.0 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{kg}$ of fertilizer ends up as nitrate, how much oxygen would be consumed?

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Key Concepts

Chemical Formulas

Chemical formulas provide a concise way to represent the elements present in a compound and their relative numbers. This concept is fundamental in chemistry, as it allows one to identify compounds and is essential for writing chemical equations and performing quantitative analyses.

Balanced Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation accurately represents the conservation of atoms during chemical reactions. It indicates the stoichiometric coefficients that ensure the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the reaction, which is crucial for any quantitative analysis in chemistry.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction, as dictated by the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation. This concept is essential for determining how much of each reactant is needed or how much product will be formed based on the amount of available material.

Molar Mass and Mass-to-Mole Conversions

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, and it serves as a conversion factor between the mass of a substance and the number of moles. This concept underpins the calculations in stoichiometry, allowing one to translate laboratory-scale measurements into mole quantities that can be used in balanced chemical equations.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, now we do problem 126a, we have to write equation for formula first, 126a, the formula of ammonium nitj should be n .h4 and 03, and that's for the ammonium.

00:20 Okay.

00:22 And b, b, b, what they say.

00:24 What did they, what they say? what they said? okay.

00:30 Confirm are typically used 5 .0 tight 10 about 3 kilograms ammonium nitrate per square kilometer of cornfield per year.

00:41 Ammonium nitrate can be repaired by the equation below.

00:45 How much nitric acid could be required to match the fertilizer needed for 1 km of corn field per year? and now we have to write a equation so you do.

00:54 You use stoichiometry, we do the problem.

01:14 And now we know this one, how many grams? 5 .0, tie 10 for 3 kilograms, right? this over kilometer square.

01:26 And now we have to file this one.

01:28 Now do we do? we have to convert this gram to gram first.

01:51 We'll tie one more of ammonium nitrate.

01:59 And then we divide from all the mass of this compound, divide by 80 .043 grams.

02:08 Ammonium nitrate.

02:13 And then we do with we should find them more of an nitrate acid, right? and then we type of this one, say 3 .0 1 gram.

02:49 And then what we will have here? we will have, let me calculate.

03:25 So we had 3 .9, about 3 .9, 3 .9, 9, 10 power 6 grams...