List a function of each organ, tissue, and cell type...

Name: Problem 13, Chapter 22: Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Uploaded: 2021-09-10T01:21:36-08:00
Duration: 9 min 19 s
Channel: Tucker Tornberg
Description: List a function of each organ, tissue, and cell type described in this chapter, and then list at least one feature that facilitates that function.

Key Concepts

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the fundamental units of life, each tailored for specific physiological tasks. Their specialized organelles, membranes, and internal structures are designed to support functions such as energy production, synthesis of molecules, and controlled communication with their environment.

Tissue Structure and Function

Tissues are organized groups of similar cells that work together to perform a common function. Their structural organization, which might include layers, fiber alignments, or unique extracellular matrices, enables processes such as protection, support, contraction, or fluid transport.

Organ Structure and Function

Organs consist of multiple tissue types that collaborate to execute complex biological functions. The spatial arrangement and specialization of these tissues, such as the integration of muscle, connective, and nervous tissues, facilitate functions like pumping blood, digestion, or filtration.

Structure-Function Relationship

This fundamental biological principle explains how the specific structure of a cell, tissue, or organ directly influences its function. Adaptations such as increased surface area, specialized transport mechanisms, or specific molecular components enhance the efficiency and capabilities of each biological component.

Transcript

00:20 Problem number 13 from chapter 22, plant form, and function says list a function of each organ, tissue, and cell type described in this chapter, and then list at least one feature that facilitates that function.

00:35 So in this case, we have three major types of tissue that are discussed in chapter 22, including dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.

00:52 So starting with dermal tissue, some of the structures that we would see here in terms of some of the organs would be things like stems, which are obviously involved in support and transport.

01:12 We would find other organs such as roots, which are involved in absorption of things obviously like water, but also nutrients.

01:29 We would also find organs such as buds.

01:35 We would find those on the ends of some of these structures, if you can see over here on this tomato plant.

01:40 We would find these out towards the ends.

01:42 These are buds that would actually be involved in growth.

01:46 So these are regions of growth.

01:54 We would also find structures like flowers, which aid in the plant to actually being pollinated by attracting things like butterflies, moths, hummingbirds, and other pollinators.

02:08 We would also find structures like leaves, which are obviously a big part of the dermal tissue in terms of the process of photosynthesis, as these leaves are full of chlorophyll, the green sunlight -absorbing pigment that actually aids in the process of photosynthesis where these plants are actually making their own food through the combination of air particles and water and minerals, and then the radiant energy from the sun actually breaking down those bonds so they can be recombined to form the glucose sugar.

02:48 So beyond this, when we move past the dermal tissue, we have all of these different organs and structures on this plant, we actually have what's referred to as ground tissue.

03:01 Ground tissue can be broken down into three different major cell types found in this tissue, and one of those is called perencoma cells.

03:14 And perencoma cells are actually primarily involved with photosynthesis.

03:21 They are involved in gas exchange, so vital gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

03:28 They are also involved in storage.

03:35 And one of the features that aids to their function extremely well is that they actually have the ability to divide.

03:44 So even as mature cells, these cells can actually continue dividing.

03:48 So they are vital in repairing damaged tissue within plants.

03:55 Another ground tissue type is called calencoma.

04:03 Kalencoma cells are actually extremely elongated.

04:07 So really long cells within the plant tissue and these cells can actually stretch which is a very key feature to these because they are as you might have guessed vital in growth so we would find tons of these calencoma cells through the maturing process of the plant that can actually stretch as they grow they're also involved some in supporting the plant as well the last cell type that we find in the ground tissue is the sclerencoma.

04:50 Sclerencoma cells are notorious for having a double cell wall.

04:56 So instead of finding just your one cell wall there around the nucleus and the cytoplasma, the rest of those parts we'd actually find two.

05:03 They are extreme support cells and giving this plant some rigidity and some strength...

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