Se piensa que las reacciones tanto directa como inversa del...

Se piensa que las reacciones tanto directa como inversa del equilibrio siguiente son pasos elementales: $$ \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Cl}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{COCl}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Cl}(\mathrm{g}) $$ A $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ las constantes de velocidad de las reacciones directa e inversa son de $1.4 \times 10^{-28} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ y $9.3 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{M}^{-1}$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, respectivamente. (a) ¿Cuál es el valor de la constante de equilibrio a $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? (b) En el equilibrio, ¿son más abundantes los reactivos o los productos?

Se piensa que las reacciones tanto directa como inversa del equilibrio siguiente son pasos elementales:
$$
\mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Cl}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{COCl}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Cl}(\mathrm{g})
$$

A $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ las constantes de velocidad de las reacciones directa e inversa son de $1.4 \times 10^{-28} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ y $9.3 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{M}^{-1}$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, respectivamente. (a) ¿Cuál es el valor de la constante de equilibrio a $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? (b) En el equilibrio, ¿son más abundantes los reactivos o los productos?

Key Concepts

Rate Constants

Rate constants are proportionality factors in the rate laws of chemical reactions that quantify the speed at which a reaction proceeds. Each elementary reaction has its own rate constant, and these constants depend on factors such as temperature and the nature of the reacting species. They are crucial for predicting how quickly equilibrium is reached and for determining the equilibrium constant in reversible reactions.

Relationship Between Rate Constants and Equilibrium Constant

For an elementary reversible reaction, the equilibrium constant can be calculated by taking the ratio of the forward rate constant (k_forward) to the reverse rate constant (k_reverse). This relationship arises from the fact that at equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, establishing a direct connection between the kinetics of the reaction and its thermodynamic balance.

Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant (K_eq) is a measure of the relative concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium for a reversible chemical reaction. It is defined by the ratio of the activities or concentrations of the products to that of the reactants, each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. For elementary reactions, the equilibrium constant reflects the balance of the forward and reverse reaction rates at equilibrium.

Elementary Reaction

An elementary reaction is a single-step process where the reaction occurs exactly as written at the molecular level. It does not proceed through any intermediate stages and its rate law can be directly deduced from the stoichiometry of the reaction. This property simplifies the analysis because the rate constants directly apply to the molecular collision events indicated in the reaction.

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