Some catalytic converters in automobiles contain the...

Some catalytic converters in automobiles contain the manganese oxides $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$a. Give the names of $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$. b. Calculate the percent manganese by mass in $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$.c. Explain how $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$ are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

Some catalytic converters in automobiles contain the manganese oxides $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$a. Give the names of $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$.
b. Calculate the percent manganese by mass in $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$.c. Explain how $\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$ are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Key Concepts

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on their composition and structure, which often involves indicating the oxidation states of elements in compounds. In the case of metal oxides, the name usually reflects the metal's oxidation number, such as indicating a +3 or +4 state for manganese, and the compound's stoichiometry determines the proper name.

Percent Composition Calculations

Percent composition is the calculation of the relative mass of each element in a compound, expressed as a percentage of the total molecular mass. This involves using the atomic masses of the constituent elements, multiplying by the number of atoms present in the formula, summing these to find the total molar mass, and then computing the ratio for a target element.

Law of Multiple Proportions

The law of multiple proportions is a fundamental principle in stoichiometry stating that when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in simple whole number ratios. This law is illustrated by comparing compounds containing the same elements in different ratios, highlighting consistent and quantifiable differences in composition.

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