The permanent electric dipole moment of the water molocule (H2 O) is 6.2 ×10^-70 Cm. What is the

step 1 We have got the torque equals PE and cosine theta has to be one for the maximum torque. So dipol

The permanent electric dipole moment of the water molocule...

The permanent electric dipole moment of the water molocule $\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)$ is $6.2 \times 10^{-70} \mathrm{Cm}$. What is the maximum possible torque on a water molecule in a $5.0 \times 10^8 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}$ electric field?

Key Concepts

Electric Dipole Moment

The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a system. It quantifies the system's overall polarity and influences how the system interacts with an external electric field. In molecules, it is determined by both the magnitude of the charges and the distance over which they are separated.

Uniform Electric Field

A uniform electric field is one in which the field strength and direction are constant at every point. It exerts the same force on charged particles throughout its region, allowing for predictable effects on molecular dipoles and other entities that interact with the field.

Torque on an Electric Dipole

When an electric dipole is placed in an external electric field, a torque is produced that tends to align the dipole with the field. This torque is given by the vector cross product of the dipole moment and the electric field, with a magnitude of pE sin?, where ? is the angle between the dipole moment and the field direction.

Maximum Torque

The maximum torque experienced by an electric dipole in a uniform electric field occurs when the dipole is oriented perpendicular to the field. Under these conditions, sin? equals one, and the torque reaches its maximum value of pE. This concept illustrates the extremum of rotational influence that the field can exert on a dipole.

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