There is a current of 1.344 A in a copper wire whose area of cross-section normal to the length

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There is a current of 1.344 A in a copper wire whose area...

There is a current of $1.344 \mathrm{~A}$ in a copper wire whose area of cross-section normal to the length of the wire is $1 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$. If the number of free electrons per $\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ is $8.4 \times 10^{22}$, then the drift velocity of electrons will be (A) $1.0 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$ (B) $1.0$ meter s (C) $0.1 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$ (D) $0.01 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$

There is a current of $1.344 \mathrm{~A}$ in a copper wire whose area of cross-section normal to the length of the wire is $1 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$. If the number of free electrons per $\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ is $8.4 \times 10^{22}$, then the drift velocity of electrons will be
(A) $1.0 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$
(B) $1.0$ meter s
(C) $0.1 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$
(D) $0.01 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{~s}$

Key Concepts

Cross-Sectional Area

The cross-sectional area in the context of electrical conduction refers to the area through which the charge carriers move. It plays a significant role in the relationship between current, drift velocity, and the density of charge carriers. A change in this area will affect the current density and, consequently, the drift velocity for a given current.

Electric Current

Electric current is the rate at which charge flows through a conductor. It is defined as the amount of charge passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. In many electrical problems, current is related to other microscopic quantities such as the density of charge carriers, their charge, and their drift velocity, establishing a connection between macroscopic measurements (like amperes) and microscopic movement of electrons.

Drift Velocity

Drift velocity is the average velocity that charge carriers, such as electrons, gain when subjected to an electric field in a conductor. Although electrons move randomly at high speeds, the net movement, or drift, in the direction of the electric field is typically very small. This concept is crucial to linking the microscopic behavior of charge carriers with measurable quantities like electric current.

Number Density of Charge Carriers

The number density of charge carriers refers to the number of mobile charged particles (such as electrons) per unit volume within a material. In conductive materials, such as metals, this density provides insight into how many electrons are available to move in response to an electric field, which directly affects the conduction properties and the calculated drift velocity.

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