Question

Which sequence of events leads to protein secretion? Events: 1. Glycosylation and tagging in Golgi apparatus. 2. Folding and glycosylation in rough endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Fusion of secretory vesicles with plasma membrane and release of secreted proteins. 4. Translocation into rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. Transfer from rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus in transport vesicles. 6. Export from Golgi apparatus in secretory vesicles. 7. Synthesis by ribosomes. Select one: a. 4, 7, 1, 5, 3, 2, 6 b. 2, 7, 3, 5, 4, 1, 6 c. 7, 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3 d. 2, 3, 6, 7, 4, 5, 1 e. 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, 4, 1 2. Which property of phospholipids is responsible for the formation of phospholipid bilayers? Select one: a. Phospholipids are hydrophilic b. Phospholipids are hydrophobic c. Phospholipids are amphiphilic d. Phospholipids are positively charged e. Phospholipids are negatively charged 3. In the presence of oxygen, all cells synthesize ATP via the process of glycolysis. Many cells also can metabolize pyruvate if oxygen is not present, via the process of: Select one: a. fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. oxidative phosphorylation d. electron transport e. photophosphorylation 4. In aerobic respiration, carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into: Select one: a. acetyl-CoA b. CO2 c. O2 d. H2O e. heat 5. Identify the statement about meiosis that is incorrect. Select one: a. Pairing of homologous chromosomes b. Four haploid cells are formed c. At the end of meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half d. Two cycles of DNA replication occur 6. What is the mitotic spindle made of? Select one: a. Mitosis b. Microtubules c. Chromosomes d. The nuclear envelope e. Chiasmata 7. Products of glycolysis include: Select one: a. pyruvate b. ATP c. NADH d. all of the above 8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? Select one: a. They change shape when they bind their substrates b. They can catalyze reactions in both forward and reverse directions c. Their activity is sensitive to changes in temperature d. They are always active on more than one kind of substrate e. They may have more than one binding site 9. What does a target cell require to respond to an extracellular signal molecule? Select one: a. Access to the signal molecule b. The presence of an appropriate receptor for the signal molecule c. Appropriate intracellular signaling pathways d. All of the above 10. Which of the events listed below is not observed during mitosis? Select one: a. Chromatin condensation b. Movement of centrioles to opposite poles c. Appearance of chromosomes with two chromatids joined together at the centromere d. Crossing over 11. Meiosis results in: Select one: a. Production of gametes b. Reduction in the number of chromosomes c. Introduction of variation d. all of the above 12. Complete the following sentence: "Cyclin levels __ during the cell cycle, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) levels . Progression through the cell cycle results from the formation of complexes, within which is activated through phosphorylation." Select one: a. remain constant, vary, cyclin-CDK, CDK b. remain constant, vary, CDK-CDK, CDK c. vary, remain constant, cyclin-CDK, CDK d. vary, remain constant, cyclin-cyclin, cyclin e. vary, remain constant, cyclin-CDK, cyclin 13. Two true breeding parents are crossed similar to Mendel's P generation. A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. What is the expected outcome for the F1 generation? Select one: a. all short b. all tall c. all medium height d. half tall, half short 14. Cyanide is a poison that binds to the active site of the enzyme cytochrome c and prevents its activity. Cyanide is a(n): Select one: a. Prosthetic group b. Cofactor c. Coenzyme d. Inhibitor e. Reverse regulator 15. Complete the following sentence: "A competitive inhibitor competes with substrate binding to the site, generally by also binding to this site; its effect on reaction rate becomes neglectable when the concentration of is sufficiently high compared to the concentration of ." Select one: a. active, inhibitor, substrate b. active, substrate, product c. active, substrate, inhibitor d. allosteric, inhibitor, substrate e. allosteric, substrate, inhibitor 16. As protons flow through the , energy is released and exploited to combine ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP. Select one: a. electron transport chain b. outer mitochondrial membrane c. cytochrome oxidase d. ATP synthase e. NADH 17. The high concentration of protons in the inner mitochondrial space relative to the mitochondrial matrix represents: Select one: a. magnetic energy b. kinetic energy c. potential energy d. photonic energy e. none of the above 18. Fill in the following equation: ATP + _ â†’ ADP + ___ Select one: a. H2O, Pi b. H2O + free energy, Pi c. free energy, Pi + H2O d. H2O, Pi + free energy e. free energy, Pi 19. Which of the following molecules can pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Check all that apply. Select one or more: a. Simple sugars b. Sodium ions c. Fat-soluble drugs d. Dioxygen e. Fat-soluble vitamins 20. During anaphase-I of meiosis: Select one: a. Homologous chromosomes separate b. Non-homologous autosomes separate c. Sister chromatids separate d. Non-sister chromatids separate

Which sequence of events leads to protein secretion?
Events:
1. Glycosylation and tagging in Golgi apparatus.
2. Folding and glycosylation in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Fusion of secretory vesicles with plasma membrane and release of secreted proteins.
4. Translocation into rough endoplasmic reticulum.
5. Transfer from rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus in transport vesicles.
6. Export from Golgi apparatus in secretory vesicles.
7. Synthesis by ribosomes.

Select one:
a. 4, 7, 1, 5, 3, 2, 6
b. 2, 7, 3, 5, 4, 1, 6
c. 7, 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3
d. 2, 3, 6, 7, 4, 5, 1
e. 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, 4, 1

2. Which property of phospholipids is responsible for the formation of phospholipid bilayers?
Select one:
a. Phospholipids are hydrophilic
b. Phospholipids are hydrophobic
c. Phospholipids are amphiphilic
d. Phospholipids are positively charged
e. Phospholipids are negatively charged

3. In the presence of oxygen, all cells synthesize ATP via the process of glycolysis. Many cells also can metabolize pyruvate if oxygen is not present, via the process of:
Select one:
a. fermentation
b. aerobic respiration
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. electron transport
e. photophosphorylation

4. In aerobic respiration, carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into:
Select one:
a. acetyl-CoA
b. CO2
c. O2
d. H2O
e. heat

5. Identify the statement about meiosis that is incorrect.
Select one:
a. Pairing of homologous chromosomes
b. Four haploid cells are formed
c. At the end of meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half
d. Two cycles of DNA replication occur

6. What is the mitotic spindle made of?
Select one:
a. Mitosis
b. Microtubules
c. Chromosomes
d. The nuclear envelope
e. Chiasmata

7. Products of glycolysis include:
Select one:
a. pyruvate
b. ATP
c. NADH
d. all of the above

8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
Select one:
a. They change shape when they bind their substrates
b. They can catalyze reactions in both forward and reverse directions
c. Their activity is sensitive to changes in temperature
d. They are always active on more than one kind of substrate
e. They may have more than one binding site

9. What does a target cell require to respond to an extracellular signal molecule?
Select one:
a. Access to the signal molecule
b. The presence of an appropriate receptor for the signal molecule
c. Appropriate intracellular signaling pathways
d. All of the above

10. Which of the events listed below is not observed during mitosis?
Select one:
a. Chromatin condensation
b. Movement of centrioles to opposite poles
c. Appearance of chromosomes with two chromatids joined together at the centromere
d. Crossing over

11. Meiosis results in:
Select one:
a. Production of gametes
b. Reduction in the number of chromosomes
c. Introduction of variation
d. all of the above

12. Complete the following sentence: "Cyclin levels __________ during the cell cycle, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) levels __________. Progression through the cell cycle results from the formation of __________ complexes, within which __________ is activated through phosphorylation."
Select one:
a. remain constant, vary, cyclin-CDK, CDK
b. remain constant, vary, CDK-CDK, CDK
c. vary, remain constant, cyclin-CDK, CDK
d. vary, remain constant, cyclin-cyclin, cyclin
e. vary, remain constant, cyclin-CDK, cyclin

13. Two true breeding parents are crossed similar to Mendel's P generation. A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. What is the expected outcome for the F1 generation?
Select one:
a. all short
b. all tall
c. all medium height
d. half tall, half short

14. Cyanide is a poison that binds to the active site of the enzyme cytochrome c and prevents its activity. Cyanide is a(n):
Select one:
a. Prosthetic group
b. Cofactor
c. Coenzyme
d. Inhibitor
e. Reverse regulator

15. Complete the following sentence: "A competitive inhibitor competes with substrate binding to the __________ site, generally by also binding to this site; its effect on reaction rate becomes neglectable when the concentration of __________ is sufficiently high compared to the concentration of __________."
Select one:
a. active, inhibitor, substrate
b. active, substrate, product
c. active, substrate, inhibitor
d. allosteric, inhibitor, substrate
e. allosteric, substrate, inhibitor

16. As protons flow through the ______, energy is released and exploited to combine ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
Select one:
a. electron transport chain
b. outer mitochondrial membrane
c. cytochrome oxidase
d. ATP synthase
e. NADH

17. The high concentration of protons in the inner mitochondrial space relative to the mitochondrial matrix represents:
Select one:
a. magnetic energy
b. kinetic energy
c. potential energy
d. photonic energy
e. none of the above

18. Fill in the following equation: ATP + ___ â†’ ADP + ___
Select one:
a. H2O, Pi
b. H2O + free energy, Pi
c. free energy, Pi + H2O
d. H2O, Pi + free energy
e. free energy, Pi

19. Which of the following molecules can pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Check all that apply.
Select one or more:
a. Simple sugars
b. Sodium ions
c. Fat-soluble drugs
d. Dioxygen
e. Fat-soluble vitamins

20. During anaphase-I of meiosis:
Select one:
a. Homologous chromosomes separate
b. Non-homologous autosomes separate
c. Sister chromatids separate
d. Non-sister chromatids separate

Added by Timothy B.

1. What structure is not part of the endomembrane system? Select one: a. lysosomes b. golgi apparatus c. plasma membrane d. nuclear envelope e. mitochondria 2. Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? Select one: a. ribosomes b. chloroplast c. central vacuole d. plasmodesmata e. centriole 3. Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? Select one: a. nuclear envelope b. ribosome c. chloroplast d. mitochondrion e. endoplasmic reticulum 4. Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? Select one: a. liver cell b. bacterial cell c. nerve cell d. phagocytic white blood cell e. muscle cell 5. A certain poison disrupts the cytoskeleton of cells. Which of the following functions would be affected most by this substance? Select one: a. digestion with lysosomes b. cellular respiration c. photosynthesis d. protein synthesis e. cell division 6. What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized lipid that will be secreted by a cell? Select one: a. Smooth ER – Golgi apparatus – vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane b. Rough ER – Golgi apparatus – vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane c. Golgi apparatus – Rough ER – vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane d. Golgi apparatus – Smooth ER – vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane e. Nucleus – Rough ER – vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 7. Which does not belong to the group? Select one: a. middle lamella b. cell wall c. plasmodesmata d. desmosomes e. pectin 8. Which does not belong to the group? Select one: a. tight junctions b. flagella c. centrioles d. plastids e. extra cellular matrix 9. All are functions of the cytoskeleton except: Select one: a. maintenance of cell shape b. muscle contraction c. chromosome movements d. keep plants upright e. cytoplasmic streaming 10. What is the function of the nucleolus? Select one: a. site of DNA synthesis b. site of rRNA synthesis c. site of cell division d. site of lipid synthesis e. site of protein synthesis 11. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? Select one: a. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain d. glycolysis e. reduction of pyruvate to lactate 12. The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the: Select one: a. transfer of phosphate to ADP b. release of CO2 c. oxidation of glucose d. H+ concentration gradient across the membrane e. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain 13. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is: Select one: a. oxygen b. ADP c. pyruvate d. water e. NAD+ 14. Most CO2 from catabolism is released during: Select one: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. chemiosmosis d. lactate fermentation e. electron transport 15. Why is glycolysis described as having an investment and payoff phase? Select one: a. both attaches and detaches phosphate groups b. it uses stored ATP and forms net increase in ATP c. both splits and assembles molecules d. it uses glucose and generates pyruvate e. it shifts molecules from cytosol to mitochondrion 16. The Citric acid cycle takes place in the ___ while the Calvin cycle takes place in the ___ Select one: a.matrix of mitochondrion; stroma of the chloroplast b. thylakoid membrane; mitochondrial membrane c.mitochondrial membrane; thylakoid membrane d. stroma of the chloroplast; matrix of the mitochondrion e. outer membrane of chloroplast; outer membrane of mitochondria 17. Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water? Select one: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. oxidative phosphorylation d. fermentation e. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 18. Inside the mitochondrion, most electrons flow which pathway? Select one: a. glycolysis – pyruvate – acetyl CoA – electron transport chain b. acetyl CoA – citric acid cycle – oxygen – electron transport chain c. glycolysis – NADH – citric acid cycle – electron transport chain d. acetyl CoA – citric acid cycle – electron transport chain – oxygen e. pyruvate – acetyl CoA – electron transport chain – citric acid cycle 19. A muscle cell and a photosynthetic leaf cell are similar in all except: Select one: a. both have cytoskeleton b. both have mitochondria c. both have cell membrane d. both have ribosomes e. both have cell walls 20. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? Select one: a. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA b. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of proteins c. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome d. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of DNA e. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of proteins 21. Below are portions of a well-known theory. Which is an exception? Select one: a. cells arise from pre-existing cells b. cells are the basic living unit or organization of living things c. cells are the structural and functional components of living things d. all cells have nucleus e. all organisms are composed of cells 22. Choose the correct hierarchical organization of life from least to most complex Select one: a. carbon – fatty acid – lipid – ground tissue – chromoplast – root – carrot b. fatty acid – carbon – lipid – chromoplast – ground tissue – root – carrot c. carbon – lipid – fatty acid – ground tissue – chromoplast – root – carrot d. fatty acid – carbon – lipid – chromoplast – ground tissue – carrot – root e. carbon – fatty acid – lipid – chromoplast – ground tissue – root – carrot 23. Different species of Galapagos Island finches have different beak types to obtain different kinds of food. One species removes tree bark with a sharp beak to forage for insect larvae and pupae while another species has a large, powerful beak capable of crushing and eating large, heavy coated seeds. These statements illustrate: Select one: a. homeostasis b. reproduction c. adaptation d. metabolism e. prediction 24. The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with: Select one: a. ATP and NADPH b. light energy c. H20 and NADPH d. O2 e. CO2 and ATP 25. How is photosynthesis similar in C4 and CAM plants? Select one: a. only photosystem 1 is used b. only photosystem 2 is used c. in both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially d. both make sugar in the dark e. both make sugar without Calvin cycle 26. Which of the following does not occur during Calvin cycle? Select one: a. oxidation of NADPH b. formation of G3P c. carbon fixation d. regeneration of CO2 acceptor e. release of oxygen 27. Which process is most likely driven by light energy? Select one: a. reduction of NADP+ molecules b. transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule c. ATP synthesis d. creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane e. splitting of water 28. During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, oxygen is produced from ___ via a series associated with ___ Select one: a. water…photosystem I b. water…photosystem II c. water…calvin cycle d. carbon dioxide…photosystem II e. carbon dioxide…photosystem I 29. A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? Select one: a. red, yellow b. green, blue, violet c. blue, violet d. blue, green, red e. green, yellow 30. In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to: Select one: a. carbon fixation b. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration c. reduction of NADP+ d. substrate-level phosphorylation in Citric acid cycle e. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 31. Which pathway correctly represents photosynthesis? Select one: a. light absorption – p680 – p700 – ETC – Calvin cycle b. light absorption – p700 – p680 – ETC – Calvin cycle c. light absorption – p700 – ETC – p680 - ETC d. p680 – splitting of water – ETC – Calvin cycle – p700 e. light absorption – p680 – ETC – p700 – Calvin cycle 32. Which of the following processes includes all others? Select one: a. diffusion of a solute across a membrane b. passive transport c. osmosis d. transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient e. facilitated diffusion 33. Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? Select one: a. a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids b. a relatively high protein content in the membrane c. a lower proportion of unsaturated phospholipids d. a lower temperature e. a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids 34. In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? Select one: a. only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules b. phospholipids are found only in certain membranes c. only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable d. certain proteins are unique to each membrane e. only certain membranes regulate transport of molecules across the membrane 35. According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly: Select one: a. spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane b. randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity c. on the periphery of the membrane d. confined to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane e. embedded in a lipid bilayer 36. Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Select one: a. facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins; active transport does not b. active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane; facilitated diffusion can move in only one direction c. active transport requires energy; facilitated diffusion does not d. facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient; active transport does not e. active transport involves transport proteins; facilitated diffusion does not 37. The initial response of root cells of a tomato plant watered with seawater would be to: Select one: a. rapidly expand until cells burst b. actively absorb salts from the seawater c. actively transport water from cytoplasm into the vacuole d. rapidly produce organic solutes in the cytoplasm e. begin to plasmolyze as water is lost 38. An RBC contains 0.15M NaCl. Sea water contains the equivalent of 0.45M NaCl. What will happen if RBCs are transferred to sea water? Select one: a. RBCs will use ATP to transport NaCl into the cytoplasm b. RBCs will take up water, swell, then burst c. NaCl will passively diffuse into the RBC d. water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse e. NaCl will be exported from the RBC by facilitated diffusion 39. You are studying the transport of a certain type of molecule into cells. A certain poison slows down transport by inhibiting energy production. The molecule is probably transported into the cell by: Select one: a. active transport b. facilitated diffusion c. osmosis d. simple diffusion e. endocytosis 40. All are functions of membrane proteins except: Select one: a. cell to cell recognition b. phagocytosis c. transport d. enzymatic activity e. signal transduction

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