A patient has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which has damaged her kidney's filtration membrane. As the disease has progressed, the edema she experiences has worsened. Why?
A) Liver damage prevents her from making sufficient plasma proteins, thus lowering her BCOP.
B) Kidney damage allows some of her plasma proteins to be excreted, thus lowering her BCOP.
C) Kidney damage allows little fluid to accumulate in the Bowman's capsule, lowering her CHP.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
5) The Filtration Membrane is composed of
A) endothelial cells
B) basement membrane
C) simple squamous epithelial cells (podocytes)
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
6) The functional units of the kidney are:
A) nephrons
B) minor calyx
C) renal pelvis
D) bladder
E) all of the above are correct
7) Once the filtrate enters the _________________, then it is called urine
A) distal convoluted tubule
B) collecting duct
C) minor calyx
D) Bowman's capsule
E) none of the above are correct
8) A blood laboratory finding for a patient with chronic renal failure is:
A) increased creatinine
B) decreased creatinine
C) increased water
D) decreased urea
E) all of the above are correct
9) ADH will influence _____________________, at the distal convoluted tubule
A) sodium reabsorption by aquaporins opening
B) water reabsorption by aquaporins opening
C) water reabsorption by sodium reabsorption occurring first
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
10) Aldosterone will influence _____________________, at the distal convoluted tubule
A) sodium reabsorption by aquaporins opening
B) water reabsorption by aquaporins opening
C) water reabsorption by sodium reabsorption occurring first
D) all of the above are correct