Activities 1. Diseases Affecting Myelination Myelin sheaths, produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system, serve to protect and insulate the axons of neurons with a fatty tissue. This allows electrical signals to propagate very quickly along the axon. In multiple sclerosis (MS), this myelination is disrupted in the CNS causing inflammation and damage to those axons, leaving scars (plaques) and interrupting the transmission of impulses (Figure 10.9). MYELIN SHEATH DESTRUCTION Question 1 Figure 10.9. Nerve affected by multiple sclerosis. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is another type of demyelination disease. Research this disease and provide one similarity and one difference between it and MS. Question 2 2. What type of neuroglial cell would you expect to find increased after brain injury and why?
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Madhur L.
In multiple sclerosis, there is progressive and intermittent damage to the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. This results in poor motor control of the affected area. Why does destruction of the myelin sheath affect motor control? Also, name the neuroglia that make up the myelin of CNS & PNS? 2. Kelsey falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. The injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. What symptoms would one expect to observe as a result of this injury? 3. Jenny has had a stroke, caused by a blood clot obstructing blood flow to her left parietal lobe. She seems to have a problem with understanding words and concepts now, but her speech and hearing are fine. What specific area of the brain has been damaged? What support do you have for your choice? 4. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges of the brain become inflamed as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. This condition can be life-threatening. Explain why? Also, list all cerebral meninges starting from the outermost to the innermost layer. 5. A condition known as Bell's palsy is thought to be caused by an inflammation of the facial nerve (VII). What symptoms would one expect to see in a person suffering from this condition?
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