Question

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone both target kidney cells and increase water retention (keeping water in the blood, letting less go out with urine). ADH causes water retention directly- kidney cells let more water move from the urine back into the blood (the cells are a barrier between those two spaces). Aldosterone enhances water retention by causing more sodium to be retained, creating a stronger osmotic gradient. However, aldosterone also causes a loss of potassium to the urine for every sodium that is kept in the blood. a. Are these hormones both water-soluble or fat-soluble, or is there one of each? b. What chemical class does each belong to? c. Draw a picture hypothesizing how each might cause its target cells to have their effects. Don't look it up! You have all the information you need from the notes and explanation in this question to come up with a reasonable, logical hypothesis. d. If somebody has hyper-aldosteronism (secrete too much aldosterone, causing disease states), how will that affect their blood levels of sodium and potassium? e. If somebody has hyper-ADH, how will that affect their urine output and blood volume?

          Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone both target kidney cells and increase water retention (keeping water in the blood, letting less go out with urine). 
ADH causes water retention directly- kidney cells let more water move from the urine back into the blood (the cells are a barrier between those two spaces). 
Aldosterone enhances water retention by causing more sodium to be retained, creating a stronger osmotic gradient.  However, aldosterone also causes a loss of potassium to the urine for every sodium that is kept in the blood.
a. Are these hormones both water-soluble or fat-soluble, or is there one of each?
b. What chemical class does each belong to?
c. Draw a picture hypothesizing how each might cause its target cells to have their effects.  Don't look it up!  You have all the information you need from the notes and explanation in this question to come up with a reasonable, logical hypothesis.
d. If somebody has hyper-aldosteronism (secrete too much aldosterone, causing disease states), how will that affect their blood levels of sodium and potassium?
e. If somebody has hyper-ADH, how will that affect their urine output and blood volume?

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Added by Anne B.

Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

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Solved by Expert Sri K

01/24/2023

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ADH and aldosterone both target kidney cells, which increases water retention in the blood. Show more…

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Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone both target kidney cells and increase water retention (keeping water in the blood, letting less go out with urine). ADH causes water retention directly- kidney cells let more water move from the urine back into the blood (the cells are a barrier between those two spaces). Aldosterone enhances water retention by causing more sodium to be retained, creating a stronger osmotic gradient. However, aldosterone also causes a loss of potassium to the urine for every sodium that is kept in the blood. a. Are these hormones both water-soluble or fat-soluble, or is there one of each? b. What chemical class does each belong to? c. Draw a picture hypothesizing how each might cause its target cells to have their effects. Don't look it up! You have all the information you need from the notes and explanation in this question to come up with a reasonable, logical hypothesis. d. If somebody has hyper-aldosteronism (secrete too much aldosterone, causing disease states), how will that affect their blood levels of sodium and potassium? e. If somebody has hyper-ADH, how will that affect their urine output and blood volume?

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Transcript

00:01 Hello students to answer this question let us show a diagram.

00:04 So here is the aldosterone.

00:08 Endosterone is a corticoyle.

00:10 So it is found of cholesterol and that is why it is hydrophobic in nature.

00:15 And because of hydrophobic in nature, it can pass through the cell membranes easily through the so that is why aldosterone enters to the cell membrane and get into the kidney cells.

00:27 So let's say here is the kidney cell.

00:37 Now in this kidney cell it enters and once in the cytoplasm of the principal cell it binds to the receptor.

00:45 So here is the receptor and it will bind like this.

00:52 So this is intra -cellular receptor because it is present inside the cell.

01:00 Then from the cell to the it will move to the cytoplasm of the like this, it will move to the cytoplasm of the, the two nucleus of the cell.

01:18 Now along with this receptor the hormone is carried to the nucleus where bonds of certain genes are activated the genes to produce transcription factors that are required to make certain transporter genes.

01:30 So here will be the gene expression of gene expression for iron transporter and this will produce more na positive k positive and due to which there will be more k positive channel and more n a positive channel.

02:03 So k will move out and n a positive will go in due to the pump.

02:13 So in this case, eldostrand increases transported and required to make certain proteins in the apical and basal lateral side of the present...

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