Describe the conduction of a nerve impulse along an axolemma to the synaptic bulb. Include in your description: A. A description of the action potential along the axolemma of a stimulating neuron; B. Compare the voltage- gated channels vs. the chemical-gated channels; C. The role of the following ions in nerve impulse transmission:1. Calcium2. Sodium3. Potassium4. Chloride ion D. How does calcium facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter (NT) at the presynaptic membrane? E. Once the NT is released, what occurs at the postsynaptic membrane? F. How does the receiving neuron "summate" the EPSP's and IPSP's at the axon hillock/integration center.
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LAB ACTIVITY 4: Neurophysiology. Conduction of information in the form of a nerve impulse starts and ends with release of neurotransmitter molecules at synapses. Indicate the order in which the following events occur at synapses on dendrites & the cell body: Calcium influx causes exocytosis of neurotransmitter from presynaptic membrane. Ligand-gated ion channels on postsynaptic membrane open, leading to graded changes in membrane potential. Nerve impulse arrives at axonal terminal. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds receptors on postsynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitter effects are terminated by reuptake, diffusion, or enzymatic degradation. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open and allow Ca2+ ions to enter axon terminal. Indicate the order in which the following events occur as an action potential is generated and propagates down the axon: Membrane potential at axon hillock reaches threshold. Na+ gates close AND voltage-gated K+ channels open. Efflux of K+ ions repolarizes, then hyperpolarizes membrane. Na+ - K+ pumps & leakage channels re-establish resting membrane potential. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open. Influx of Na+ ions depolarizes membrane.
Adi S.
Part B: Nervous System II: Events at the Synapse 1. What channels in the presynaptic neuron open up in response to an action potential? 2. The presence of what ion inside the cell causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane? 3. a. What is the name for the chemicals stored in the synaptic vesicles? b. What is the name of the space between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron? c. Where are the receptors located? 4. What type of channels are opened by the neurotransmitters? 5. Name two pathways for the neurotransmitters once they dissociate from the receptor. 1. 2.
Sri K.
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