18. Randy is a normally pigmented man who cannot taste PTC, and Randy's father is an albino who can taste PTC. Matilda is a homozygous, normally pigmented woman who can taste PTC, but her mother cannot taste PTC.
a. If Randy and Matilda have a family, what are the possible genotypes of their children?
b. What percentage of their children will be albino?
c. What percentage of their children will be able to taste PTC?
19. In certain species of flies, eye color is controlled by simple dominance by a single pair of alleles. A red-eyed fly was crossed with a white-eyed fly, both of whose parents had white eyes. All of their offspring (both female and male) had red eyes.
a. Which is dominant, the allele for red eyes or the allele for white eyes?
b. What is the genotype of the white-eyed parents?
c. If the white-eyed parent was mated with one of the red-eyed offspring, what phenotypic ratio would you expect regarding eye color?
20. In cattle, hair color is controlled by incomplete dominance. Red results from homozygous dominant alleles (RR), roan from heterozygous alleles (Rr), and white results from homozygous recessive alleles (rr). What are the predicted phenotypes and their frequencies of the following crosses:
a. a white cow and a red bull
b. a roan cow and a red bull
c. a roan cow and a roan bull
21. A man with type B blood starts a family with a woman having type A blood. The woman's parents both have type AB blood. What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a boy having type O blood?
22. Suppose that a woman having normal vision and a man having normal vision have a son who is colorblind. What is the probability that their second child will be a colorblind girl?
23. Albinism results from an autosomal recessive gene. Two parents with normal pigmentation have an albino child.
a. What is the probability that their next child will be an albino?
b. What is the probability that their next two children will both be albino? Explain your reasoning.