00:01
In this problem, we're asked for the number of subatomic particles of each type in each of the following atoms or ions.
00:08
So this is a pretty simple solution in most cases.
00:12
So we'll start with protons in each case, which will just be this bottom number.
00:16
So it has 12 protons.
00:19
For neutrons, we'll take the top number and subtract the bottom number.
00:24
So this one has 12 neutrons.
00:28
And for electrons, we'll check if there's a charge and adjudicate it that way, otherwise the same number as the number of protons.
00:37
So 12 electrons.
00:39
So for magnesium 2 plus, again, we have 12 protons.
00:43
That doesn't change.
00:44
12 neutrons.
00:45
That doesn't change.
00:46
But now we have a charge.
00:47
There are two more protons because of a positive charge than there are electrons.
00:52
So we know that there are 10 electrons.
00:55
For cobalt 2 plus, we'll go such that there are 27 protons.
01:03
The number neutrons is 59 minus 27, which is 32 neutrons.
01:10
And electrons, there's a 2 plus charge, which means there are two less than the number of protons, so 25 electrons.
01:17
For cobalt 3 plus, we have 27 protons again.
01:22
We have 32 neutrons again.
01:23
Those two numbers didn't change, but the charge changed.
01:26
There are now three more protons than there are electrons, so there are 24 electrons...