in purines nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms originate from glycine 2 question 2 which of the fo

Name: in purines nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms originate from glycine 2 question 2 which of the following is a common breakdown product between amp and gmp degradation to u 34494
Uploaded: 2023-02-17T11:47:42-08:00
Duration: 4 min 34 s
Channel: Madhur L
Description: in purines nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms originate from glycine 2 question 2 which of the following is a common breakdown product between amp and gmp degradation to u 34494

Question

In purines, two nitrogen atoms and five carbon atoms originate from glycine. Question 2: Which of the following is a common breakdown product between AMP and GMP degradation to uric acid? Question 2 options: 1. Hypoxanthine 2. Inosine 3. Inosine Monophosphate 4. Xanthine Question 3: Defects in nucleotide metabolism that lead to a buildup of uric acid cause the disease gout. Select the TWO true statements below regarding potential treatments for gout. Question 3 options: 1. If gout is caused by increased levels of PRPP synthetase, increasing the activity of other enzymes in the uric acid production pathway could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 2. If gout is caused by insensitivity of glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase to feedback inhibition, raising the levels of 5-phosphoribosylamine could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 3. Supplying humans with the enzyme urate oxidase theoretically could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 4. An inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, such as allopurinol, will limit the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 5. If gout is caused by HGPRT deficiency, increasing the amount of guanine available would shunt more hypoxanthine to GMP production, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. Question 4: The transformation of ribose-5-phosphate to AIR in the first stage of purine biosynthesis in E. coli consumes the equivalent of 5 ATP. The second stage consumes Question 4 options: 1. less than 5 ATP. 2. more than 5 ATP. 3. less than 5 ATP and generates 1 ATP. 4. an additional 5 ATP. Question 5: Explain why cells with defects in thymidine kinase grow in media containing high amounts of 5-bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], whereas cells with normal thymidine kinase will die when exposed to BrdU? Question 5 options: 1. Without thymidine kinase, the BrdU is phosphorylated by Dihydrofolate Reductase and inactivated. 2. In normal cells, BrdU is a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase and kills cells. 3. When thymidine kinase is lacking, BrdU does not become phosphorylated and hence cannot be incorporated into DNA. 4. Thymidine kinase is required for the thymidylate synthase reaction to work. When thymidine kinase is not present, protein phosphatase dephosphorylates BrdU preventing its incorporation into RNA.

In purines, two nitrogen atoms and five carbon atoms originate from glycine.

Question 2: Which of the following is a common breakdown product between AMP and GMP degradation to uric acid?
Question 2 options:
1. Hypoxanthine
2. Inosine
3. Inosine Monophosphate
4. Xanthine

Question 3: Defects in nucleotide metabolism that lead to a buildup of uric acid cause the disease gout. Select the TWO true statements below regarding potential treatments for gout.
Question 3 options:
1. If gout is caused by increased levels of PRPP synthetase, increasing the activity of other enzymes in the uric acid production pathway could be effective in reducing uric acid levels.
2. If gout is caused by insensitivity of glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase to feedback inhibition, raising the levels of 5-phosphoribosylamine could be effective in reducing uric acid levels.
3. Supplying humans with the enzyme urate oxidase theoretically could be effective in reducing uric acid levels.
4. An inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, such as allopurinol, will limit the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels.
5. If gout is caused by HGPRT deficiency, increasing the amount of guanine available would shunt more hypoxanthine to GMP production, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels.

Question 4: The transformation of ribose-5-phosphate to AIR in the first stage of purine biosynthesis in E. coli consumes the equivalent of 5 ATP. The second stage consumes Question 4 options:
1. less than 5 ATP.
2. more than 5 ATP.
3. less than 5 ATP and generates 1 ATP.
4. an additional 5 ATP.

Question 5: Explain why cells with defects in thymidine kinase grow in media containing high amounts of 5-bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], whereas cells with normal thymidine kinase will die when exposed to BrdU?
Question 5 options:
1. Without thymidine kinase, the BrdU is phosphorylated by Dihydrofolate Reductase and inactivated.
2. In normal cells, BrdU is a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase and kills cells.
3. When thymidine kinase is lacking, BrdU does not become phosphorylated and hence cannot be incorporated into DNA.
4. Thymidine kinase is required for the thymidylate synthase reaction to work. When thymidine kinase is not present, protein phosphatase dephosphorylates BrdU preventing its incorporation into RNA.

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Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

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Solved by Expert Madhur L

02/17/2023

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In purines, two nitrogen atoms and five carbon atoms originate from glycine. Question 2: Which of the following is a common breakdown product between AMP and GMP degradation to uric acid? Question 2 options: 1. Hypoxanthine 2. Inosine 3. Inosine Monophosphate 4. Xanthine Question 3: Defects in nucleotide metabolism that lead to a buildup of uric acid cause the disease gout. Select the TWO true statements below regarding potential treatments for gout. Question 3 options: 1. If gout is caused by increased levels of PRPP synthetase, increasing the activity of other enzymes in the uric acid production pathway could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 2. If gout is caused by insensitivity of glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase to feedback inhibition, raising the levels of 5-phosphoribosylamine could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 3. Supplying humans with the enzyme urate oxidase theoretically could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 4. An inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, such as allopurinol, will limit the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. 5. If gout is caused by HGPRT deficiency, increasing the amount of guanine available would shunt more hypoxanthine to GMP production, and could be effective in reducing uric acid levels. Question 4: The transformation of ribose-5-phosphate to AIR in the first stage of purine biosynthesis in E. coli consumes the equivalent of 5 ATP. The second stage consumes Question 4 options: 1. less than 5 ATP. 2. more than 5 ATP. 3. less than 5 ATP and generates 1 ATP. 4. an additional 5 ATP. Question 5: Explain why cells with defects in thymidine kinase grow in media containing high amounts of 5-bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], whereas cells with normal thymidine kinase will die when exposed to BrdU? Question 5 options: 1. Without thymidine kinase, the BrdU is phosphorylated by Dihydrofolate Reductase and inactivated. 2. In normal cells, BrdU is a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase and kills cells. 3. When thymidine kinase is lacking, BrdU does not become phosphorylated and hence cannot be incorporated into DNA. 4. Thymidine kinase is required for the thymidylate synthase reaction to work. When thymidine kinase is not present, protein phosphatase dephosphorylates BrdU preventing its incorporation into RNA.

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00:01 Hello, students, this question is asking in purin.

00:03 What is how many number of nitrogen and carbon are taken from glycine? the answer will be one nitrogen and two carbon.

00:11 The next question is asking, what is the common product that is formed from amp and gmp, both during formation of uric acid.

00:23 From this reaction, biochemical reaction, you can see that xanthin is the common pathway.

00:29 So xanthin will be our answer the next question is asking in nucleotide metabolism defect gout occurs which leads to uric acid accumulation from the provided options we are asked what would be the possible treatment for such uric acid accumulation it can be putting our supply of urate oxidase as a result there will be breakdown of uric acid acid and xanthine oxidase which will prevent xanthin oxidase which will prevent hypozantin to uric acid conversion in the next question it is talking about purine biosynthesis from ribose five phosphate it is talking about two stages of pureine biosynthesis till the first stage that is up to a mino imidazole ribonucleotype a i are there is utilization of 5 atp.

01:34 From this picture, you can see that there is utilization of 5 8p, it is asking in the second stage, how many atp are used? in the second stage, you can see that only in one step, atp is utilized from carbamoyle imidazole ribonucle to n -sacinil, 5 amino imidazole, 4, carboxymymymymyribonucle only in this step.

02:01 That is less than 5 atp will be our answer.

02:05 In the next question it is asking that there are two situations.

02:11 If thymine kinase is not present, then cells are grown in five, cells are put in five bromorrhidin.

02:21 The cells are growing.

02:23 In the next situation, thymidin kinase gene is normal...

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