1. Most members of Phylum Cnidaria differ from the sponges because they: (1/2 pt.) a. Are bilaterally symmetrical b. Digest prey in primitive gastrovascular cavities. c. Have tissues less complex than sponges d. Never have a sessile stage. 2. The tentacles of many cnidarians are lined with special stinging cells called _______. They contain barbed, harpoon-like structures called _______. (1/2 pt.) a. Cnidocytes ... cnidocysts b. Cnidocytes ... nematocysts c. Nematocysts ... cnidocytes d. Nematocysts ... nematocytes 3. The mouth of a flatworm (Phylum Platyhelminthes) is located at the end of a pharynx that protrudes from the _______ surface of the animal. (1/2 pt.) a. anterior (front or "head" end) b. dorsal (upper or "back side") c. Posterior (behind or "tail" end) d. ventral (lower or "tummy" side) 4. You observed slides of the parasite Opisthorchis (aka Clonorchis). These animals are called hermaphrodites because a. each individual has both male and female gonads. (1/2 pt.) b. they give birth to live young. c. they go through an alternation of polyp and medusa stages d. they only reproduce asexually 5. The cells of tapeworms (Taenia, Phylum Platyhelminthes) are "individuals" that are: (1/2 pt.) a. free-living and amoeba-like. b. free-living and attached to each other end-to-end. c. parasites and amoeba-like. d. parasites and attached to each other end-to-end 6. Roundworms (Phylum Nematoda) are _______ animals with a/an _______ digestive tract. (1/2 pt.) a. acoelomate ... complete b. acoelomate ... incomplete c. pseudocoelomate ... complete d. pseudocoelomate ... incomplete
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Match the classes of the phylum Cnidaria to the correct description. (Some will have more than one answer.) Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Anthozoa Cubozoa A. Members have polyp body forms only, and exist as colonial or solitary marine organisms. B. The Portuguese man-of-war is an example. C. The dominant stage is the bell-shaped medusa with the polyp stage absent or reduced. D. The medusoid form is dominant; it has a cubical bell that is bent inward; the polyp is inconspicuous. E. Obelia spp. and Hydra spp. are examples. F. Aurelia spp. are examples. G. Sea pansies, sea anemones, and corals are examples. H. The polyp form is dominant; fresh water and marine species exist; and the life cycle consists of an asexual polyp and a sexual medusa stage. I. Chironex fleckeri is an example.
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List 10 characteristics associated with phylum Cnidaria. What does it mean to be "diploblastic"? Describe the layering pattern. What do these layers develop into in the mature adult organism? What is a gastrovascular cavity and what are its' functions? Briefly describe the function of the following epithelial cells of a cnidarian: Epitheliomuscular cells Interstitial cells Gland cells Cnidocytes Statocysts Ocelli What are rhopalia (rhopalium) and where would you find them located? Name and compare/contrast the taxonomic 6 classes in phylum Cnidaria. Which are solitary/colonial Which are freshwater/marine Which contain polyps/medusa/both Which have cnidocytes/nematocysts Which have gastrovascular cavities Draw/Compare/Distinguish between the polyp and medusa forms of a cnidarian. What is polymorphism and provide an example of polymorphism in the Cnidarian body forms?
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1. List the phylum in which most taxa have a foot, visceral mass, and a mantle. 2. Identify the structures on the squid. a. b. c. d. 3. An octopus is one of the few of its phylum that does not have a 4. Bivalves move water through their bodies to do what? and 5. Nudibranchs, commonly known as sea slugs, belong to the phylum Mollusca and the class 6. The mollusks on the right belong to the phylum Mollusca and the class: 7. a. Describe the characteristics that nematodes and arthropods have in common. (Circle the correct term) Nematodes and arthropods... have: bilateral symmetry radial symmetry are considered: protostomes deuterostomes have an: endoskeleton exoskeleton 8. b. Describe characteristics that nematodes and arthropods do not have in common. (Circle the correct term) Body cavity Nematodes are: acoelomates pseudocoelomates coelomates Arthropods are: acoelomates pseudocoelomates coelomates Segmentation: Nematodes have segmentation: yes no Arthropods have segmentation: yes no 9. The phylogenetic position of nematodes has varied due to its physical features, although molecular evidence supports the current position. Nematodes were once thought to be sister taxa to flatworms and even earthworms, due to their vermiform shape and other characteristics. Compare and contrast nematodes to two other phyla we have investigated. Flatworms Annelids One characteristic this phylum has in common with nematodes (other than vermiform shape): One characteristic that differentiates nematodes from this phylum:
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