Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic condition which causes serious abnormalities in the shape of the hemoglobin protein found in the blood. The graph below depicts the allele frequencies of the normal hemoglobin allele (H) and the sickle cell allele (h) in a sub-Saharan African community (Note: These are not the true historical frequencies). 7. Refer to the above graph. At which generation was Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium achieved? 8. Why might the frequency of a harmful allele, like the sickle cell allele, increase in frequency? 9. Identify and explain Hardy and Weinberg's five requirements for genetic equilibrium.
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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a state in which the allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation, assuming certain conditions are met. From the given information, we cannot determine the exact generation number at which Show more…
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Adi S.
Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by a mutation in the gene that produces hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells. The HbA allele produces normal hemoglobin and the HbS allele produces hemoglobin that sticks together and causes red blood cells to sickle. Heterozygous individuals (HbAHbS) produce both normal and "sickle" hemoglobin so the HbA and HbS alleles are codominant. Heterozygotes do not develop sickle cell anemia and are described as having the sickle cell trait. Individuals that are homozygous for the sickle allele (HbSHbS) only produce "sickle" hemoglobin and develop sickle cell disease.A man who is homozygous for the normal allele married a woman with the sickle cell trait. What is the expected probability of this couple having a boy with the sickle cell trait? Record your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.Answer
Madhur L.
The allele (a) for sickle cell anemia is recessive to the allele (A) that produces functional hemoglobin molecules. When an individual receives two copies of the sickle cell allele (aa), that individual produces misshapen red blood cells due to a mutation. The individual often has problems with oxygen circulation, filtering of the red blood cells in the spleen, and can suffer from chronic pain. Individuals with sickle cell anemia can die from this condition. What explains how the allele for sickle cell anemia is deleterious but can persist with certain populations of humans? A) The allele is decreasing in the population but has not fully been eradicated from the gene pool. B) The mutation is dominant in males and recessive in females, so it is carried by females without causing them to display any symptoms. C) The allele has vanished from the human population's gene pool only to reappear as an identical random mutation occurred with the same allele. D) The heterozygote (Aa) has functional hemoglobin within the red blood cells but is resistant to a deadly blood parasite that causes malaria. This is known as heterozygote advantage.
Katlin K.
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