DNA and RNA Practice – DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Fill in the answers and then submit to BLACKBOARD. 1. Replication This process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and ensures that each resulting cell has the same complete set of DNA molecules. 2. Transcription In this process, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary mRNA molecules. 3. __________ In this process, the mRNA code is decoded to produce a protein. This occurs in the ribosomes which use the sequence of codons, e.g., UGC, in mRNA to assemble amino acids with the help of tRNA into polypeptide chains. Complementary Base pairs in DNA and RNA A bonds with __ T bonds with __ C bonds with __ G bonds with __ Exception: In RNA, there is no T so A must bond with __ 4. What are the complementary pairs of the following: DNA - 5'AACGTAGGGACGGTA3' DNA - DNA - 5'AACGTAGGGACGGTA3' mRNA - mRNA - 3'AACGUUGGCAAGCGC5' tRNA - 5. Given the DNA sequence below, list the conversion to mRNA, conversion to tRNA and the corresponding amino acids. DNA TAC GTA ATG GCA AAC ACT mRNA (codon) tRNA (anti-codon) Amino acid Codon Table First Letter Second Letter Third Letter U C A G U phenylalanine serine tyrosine cysteine U phenylalanine serine tyrosine cysteine C leucine serine stop stop A leucine serine stop tryptophan G C leucine proline histidine arginine U leucine proline histidine arginine C leucine proline glutamine arginine A leucine proline glutamine arginine G A isoleucine threonine asparagine serine U isoleucine threonine asparagine serine C isoleucine threonine lysine arginine A methionine threonine lysine arginine G G valine alanine aspartate glycine U valine alanine aspartate glycine C valine alanine glutamate glycine A valine alanine glutamate glycine G
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First, we need to find the complementary DNA strand for the given DNA sequence: 5'-AACGTAGGGACGGT-3' To find the complementary DNA strand, we will use the following base pairing rules: - A pairs with T - C pairs with G - G pairs with C - T pairs with A So, the Show more…
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DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis
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30) According to the complementary base pairing all the following pairs are possible except: a) G≡C b) A=U c) A=T d) G≡A 31) The enzyme that binds to DNA during replication is: a) RNA polymerase b) ATPase c) DNA polymerase d) DNA replicase 32) The enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription is: a) RNA polymerase b) ATPase c) DNA polymerase d) DNA replicase 33) A sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that directs the placement of AA in protein synthesis is called: a) codon b) anticodon c) Intron d) Exon 34) A sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA that directs the placement of AA in protein synthesis is called: a) codon b) anticodon c) Intron d) Exon 35) A change in DNA sequence is called: a) chromosomal aberration b) mutation c) trisomy d) alteration 36) The RNA that forms the Ribosome is: a) mRNA b) tRNA c) rRNA d) nRNA 37) The product of transcription is: a) RNA b) DNA c) mRNA d) protein 38) The product of replication is: a) RNA b) DNA c) mRNA d) protein 39) The first step in translation is: a) tRNA binding to mRNA b) mRNA binding to tRNA c) mRNA binding to ribosomal unit d) tRNA binding to ribosomal unit 40) Amino Acids that are to be used in synthesizing a protein are carried by: a) mRNA b) rRNA c) tRNA d) DNA 41) Translation ends when the __________ reach to a stop codon: a) RNA polymerase b) DNA polymerase c) mRNA d) Ribosome 42) The sections of the RNA that must be removed before the molecule leaves the nucleus are called: a) codons b) anticodons c) exons d) introns 43) The protein coding region present on a gene is located after the: a) promoter region b) termination region c) regulatory region d) codons 44) When enzymes cut DNA molecules without producing open staggering ends then this type of enzyme cutting produces: a) Sticky ends b) Blunt sections c) 5' Overhang d) 3' Overhang 45) The product of translation is: a) RNA b) DNA c) mRNA d) protein
Consider this bit of DNA from some gene: 5'-CGAGAGCTCATCCGA-3' 3'-GCTCTCGAGTAGGCT-5' The upper strand of the DNA is the transcription template. (a) (3 pts) Show the base sequence on the mRNA transcribed from the DNA. (mark 3' and 5' ends.) (b) (1 pts) How many codons are contained in this RNA? (c) (2 pts) When a ribosome translates the mRNA, which amino acid is inserted first into the polypeptide? (d) (1 pts) How many amino acids would be present in the finished polypeptide? (e) (2 pts) What is the anticodon of the tRNA which carried the last amino acid in the peptide? (mark 3' and 5' ends.)
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