Essential Math and Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians

Indra K. Reddy, Mansoor A. Khan

Chapter 9

Adjusting Isotonicity - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What is the percentage concentration of ammonium chloride required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 1

Freezing point depression of $1 \%$ pilocarpine nitrate is $0.14^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Calculate the volume of an iso-osmotic solution produced by 1 gram of pilocarpine nitrate.

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

What is the percentage concentration of chlorobutanol required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

How much sodium chloride is required to render $100 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1 \%$ solution of epinephrine $\mathrm{HCl}$ isotonic with tears?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

How much boric acid is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3 \%$ solution of sulfacetamide sodium isotonic?

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

What is the percentage concentration of cocaine $\mathrm{HCl}$ required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

What is the percentage concentration of dextrose monohydrate required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

What is the percentage concentration of ephedrine $\mathrm{HCl}$ required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

What is the percentage concentration of glycerin required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

What is the percentage concentration of neomycin sulfate required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

What is the percentage concentration of dextrose monohydrate required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

What is the percentage concentration of oxymetazoline required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

What is the percentage concentration of procaine $\mathrm{HCl}$ required to make an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

$1 \%$ boric acid solution has a freezing point depression of $0.29^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. What is the percentage concentration of boric acid required to make the solution isotonic?

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

$1 \%$ silver nitrate solution has a freezing point depression of $0.19^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. What is the percentage concentration of silver nitrate required to make an isotonic solution?

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

The freezing point of a $5 \%$ solution of eucatropine hydrochloride is $-0.55^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. How many grams of eucatropine hydrochloride should be used in preparing $100 \mathrm{~mL}$ of an isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Determine if the following preparations are hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic:
(a) A 7.5\% atropine sulfate solution.
(b) A parenteral infusion containing $20 \%$ (w/v) of dextrose.
(c) A solution containing $2 \%$ ephedrine and $0.5 \%$ chlorobutanol.
(d) A solution containing $2 \%$ phenol and $1 \%$ glycerin.

Himanshu Kushwaha

Himanshu Kushwaha

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

$\mathrm{R}$
Ephedrine sulfate $1 \%$
Sodium chloride q.s.
Isotonic solution $\quad 40 \mathrm{~mL}$
Sig. gtt ii each nostril q6h

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

$\mathrm{R}$
Phenylephrine $\mathrm{HCl} \quad 0.5 \%$
Boric acid q.s.
Water qs $\quad 100 \mathrm{~mL}$
Sig. UD
Make isotonic solution.

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Adjust the isotonicity of the previous preparation using sodium chloride as the isotonic agent.

James Irizarry

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

How much $\mathrm{NaCl}$ is required to render $100 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2 \%$ solution of epinephrine bitartarate isotonic with tears?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Freezing point depression of $1 \%$ fluorescein sodium is $0.18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Calculate the volume of an iso-osmotic solution produced by 1 gram of fluorescein.

Keenan Mintz

University of Miami

Problem 21

How many milliliters of $10 \%$ scopolamine $\mathrm{HBr}$ are required to make a $200 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

Luke P

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

How many milliliters of $5 \%$ silver nitrate are required to make a $250 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

How many milliliters of $5 \%$ sulfacetamide sodium are required to make a $100 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

How many milliliters of $20 \%$ tetracaine $\mathrm{HCl}$ are required to make a 60 $\mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

How many milliliters of $5 \%$ zinc chloride are required to make a $150 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

How many milliliters of $10 \%$ zinc sulfate are required to make a $100 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

John Nicolle

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

How many milliliters of $2.5 \%$ ammonium chloride are required to make a $100 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

Theodore Donnell

Theodore Donnell

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

How many milliliters of $5 \%$ chlorobutanol are required to make a $500 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

How many milliliters of $10 \%$ cocaine $\mathrm{HCl}$ are required to make a $500 \mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

How many milliliters of $5 \%$ ephedrine $\mathrm{HCl}$ are required to make a 250 $\mathrm{ml}$ isotonic solution?

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

How much sodium chloride is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2 \%$ solution of fluorescein sodium isotonic?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

How much sodium chloride is required to render $500 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3 \%$ solution of naphazoline $\mathrm{HCl}$ isotonic?

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

How much sodium chloride is required to render $60 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $5 \%$ solution of neomycin sulfate isotonic?

Check back soon!

Problem 35

How much boric acid is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3 \%$ solution of procaine $\mathrm{HCl}$ isotonic?

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

How much boric acid is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $5 \%$ solution of scopolamine $\mathrm{HBr}$ isotonic?

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

How much boric acid is required to render $60 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2 \%$ solution of silver nitrate isotonic?

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

How much sodium chloride is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a solution isotonic? The solution contains $1 \%$ solution of pilocarpine nitrate and $2 \%$ of neomycin sulfate.

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

How much boric acid is required to render $200 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a solution isotonic? The solution contains $0.5 \%$ solution of scopolamine $\mathrm{HBr}$ and $1 \%$ of zinc chloride.

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator