# College Physics

## Educators

### Problem 1

A meteor streaking through the night sky is located with radar. At point $A$ its coordinates are $(5.00 \mathrm{km}, 1.20 \mathrm{km}),$ and 1.14 s later it has moved to point $B$ with coordinates $(6.24 \mathrm{km},$0.925 $\mathrm{km} ) .$ Find (a) the $x$ and $y$ components of its average velocity between $A$ and $B$ and (b) the magnitude and direction of its average velocity between these two points.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 2

At an air show, a jet plane has velocity components $v_{x}=$ 625 $\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ and $v_{y}=415 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ at time 3.85 $\mathrm{s}$ and $v_{x}=838 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ and $v_{y}=365 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ at time 6.52 s. For this time interval, find(a) the $x$ and $y$ components of the plane's average acceleration and (b) the magnitude and direction of its average acceleration.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 3

A dragonfly flies from point $A$ to point $B$ along the path shown in Figure 3.34 in 1.50 s. (a) Find the $x$ and $y$ components of its position vector at point $A$ . (b) What are the magnitude and direction of its position vector at $A ?$ (c) Find the $x$ and y components of the dragonfly's average velocity between $A$ and $B$ . (d) What are the magnitude and direction of its average velocity between these two points?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 4

$\cdot$ A coyote chasing a rabbit is moving 8.00 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ due east at
one moment and 8.80 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ due south 4.00 s later. Find (a) the $x$
and $y$ components of the coyote's average acceleration during that time and (b) the magnitude and direction of the coyote's average acceleration during that time.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 5

Q. An athlete starts at point $A$ and runs at a constant speed of 6.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ around a round track 100 $\mathrm{m}$ in diameter, as shown in Figure 3.35 .
Find the $x$ and $y$ components of this runner's average velocity and average acceleration between points (a) $A$ and $B,$ (b) $A$ and $C,$ (c) $C$ and $D,$ and $(d) A$ and $A$ (afull lap). (e) Calculate the magnitude of the runner's average velocity between $A$ and $B$ .Is his average speed equal to the magnitude of his average velocity? Why or why not? (f) How can his velocity be changing if he is running at constant speed?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 6

A stone is thrown horizontally at 30.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ from the top of a
very tall cliff. (a) Calculate its horizontal position and vertical position at 2 -s intervals for the first 10.0 $\mathrm{s}$ . (b) Plot your positions from part (a) to scale. Then connect your points with a smooth curve to show the trajectory of the stone.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 7

A baseball pitcher throws a fastball horizontally at a speed of 42.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ Ignoring air resistance, how far does the ball drop between the pitcher's mound and home plate, 60 $\mathrm{ft} 6$ in away?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 8

A physics book slides off a horizontal tabletop with a speed of 1.10 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ . It strikes the floor in 0.350 s. Ignore air resistance. Find (a) the height of the tabletop above the floor, (b) the horizontal distance from the edge of the table to the point where the book strikes the floor, and (c) the horizontal and vertical components of the book's velocity, and the magnitude and direction of its velocity, just before the book reaches the floor.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 9

A tennis ball rolls off the edge of a tabletop 0.750 m above he floor and strikes the floor at a point 1.40 m horizontally from the edge of the table. (a) Find the time of flight of the ball. (b) Find the magnitude of the initial velocity of the ball.(c) Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the ball just before it strikes the floor.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 10

A military helicopter on a training mission is flying horizontally at a speed of 60.0$\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ when it accidentally drops a bomb(fortunately, not armed) at an elevation of 300 $\mathrm{m.}$ You can ignore air resistance. (a) How much time is required for the
bomb to reach the earth? (b) How far does it travel horizontally while falling? (c) Find the horizontal and vertical components of the bomb's velocity just before it strikes the earth. (d) Draw graphs of the horizontal distance vs. time and the vertical distance vs. time for the bomb's motion. (e) If the velocity of the helicopter remains constant, where is the helicopter when the bomb hits the ground?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 11

Inside a star ship at rest on the earth, a ball rolls off the top of a horizontal table and lands a distance $D$ from the foot of the table. This star ship now lands on the unexplored Planet $X$ . The commander, Captain Curious, rolls the same ball off the same table with the same initial speed as on earth and finds that it lands a distance 2.76$D$ from the foot of the table. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Planet $\mathrm{X}$ ?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 12

A daring 510 $\mathrm{N}$ swimmer dives off a cliff with a running horizontal leap, as shown in Figure 3.36 . What must her minimum speed be just as she leaves the top of the cliff so
that she will miss the ledge at the bottom, which is 1.75 $\mathrm{m}$ wide and 9.00 $\mathrm{m}$ below the top of the cliff?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 13

$\bullet$ Leaping the river, A $10,000 \mathrm{N}$ car comes to a bridge during a storm and finds the bridge washed out. The 650 $\mathrm{N}$ driver must get to the other side, so he decides to try leaping it with his car. The side the car is on is 21.3 $\mathrm{m}$ above the
river, while the opposite side is a mere 1.80 $\mathrm{m}$ above the river. The river itself is a raging torrent 61.0 $\mathrm{m}$ wide. (a) How fast should the car be traveling just as it leaves the cliff in order to clear the river and land safely on the opposite side? (b) What is the speed of the car just before it lands safely on the other side?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 14

football is thrown with an initial upward velocity component of 15.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ and a horizontal velocity component of 18.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ . (a) How much time is required for the football to reach the highest point in its trajectory? (b) How high does it get above its release point? (c) How much time after it is thrown does it take to return to its original height? How does this time compare with what you calculated in part (b)? Is your answer reasonable? How far has the football traveled horizontally from its original position?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 15

A tennis player hits a ball at ground level, giving it an initial velocity of 24 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ at $57^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. (a) What are thehorizontal and vertical components of the ball's initial velocity? (b) How high above the ground does the ball go? (c) How long does it take the ball to reach its maximum height? (d) What are the ball's velocity and acceleration at its highest point? (e) For how long a time is the ball in the air? (f) When this ball lands on the court, how far is it from the place where it was hit?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 16

$\bullet($ a) $A$ pistol that fires a signal flare gives it an initial velocity (muzzle velocity) of 125 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ at an angle of $55.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. You can ignore air resistance. Find the flare's maximum height and the distance from its firing point to its landing point if it is fired (a) on the level salt flats of Utah, and (b) over the flat Sea of Tranquility on the moon, where $g=1.67 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ .

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 17

A major leaguer hits a baseball so that it leaves the bat at a speed of 30.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ and at an angle of $36.9^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. You can ignore air resistance. (a) At what two times is the base- ball at a height of 10.0 $\mathrm{m}$ above the point at which it left the bat?(b) Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the
baseball's velocity at each of the two times you found in part (a). (c) What are the magnitude and direction of the base- ball's velocity when it returns to the level at which it left the bat?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 18

\bullet A balloon carrying a basket is descending at a constant velocity of 20.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ A person in the basket throws a stone with an initial velocity of 15.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ horizontally perpendicular to the path of the descending balloon, and 4.00 s later this person sees the rock strike the ground. (See Figure $3.37 .$ (a) How high was the balloon when the rock was thrown out? (b) How far horizontally does
the rock travel before it hits the ground? (c) At the instant the rock hits the ground, how far is it from the basket?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 19

A batted baseball leaves the bat at an angle of $30.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal and is caught by an outfielder 375 ft from home plate at the same height from which it left the bat. (a) What was the initial speed of the ball? (b) How high does the ball rise above the point where it struck the bat?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 20

. A man stands on the roof of a 15.0 -m-tall building and throws a rock with a velocity of magnitude 30.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ at an angle of $33.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. You can ignore air resistance. Calculate (a) the maximum height above the roof reached by the rock, (b) the magnitude of the velocity of the rock just before it strikes the ground, and (c) the horizontal distance from the base of the building to the point where the rock strikes the ground.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 21

$\cdot$ The champion jumper of the insect world. The froghopper, Philaenus spumarius, holds the world record for insect jumps. When leaping at an angle of $58.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal, some of the tiny critters have reached a maximum height of 58.7 $\mathrm{cm}$ above the level ground. (See Nature, Vol. $424,31$ July $2003, \mathrm{p} .509$ ) (a) What was the takeoff speed for such a leap? (b) What horizontal distance did the froghopper cover for this world-record leap?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 22

\bullet A grasshopper leaps into the air from the edge of a vertical cliff, as shown in Figure 3.38 . Use information from the figure to find $(a)$ the initial speed ofthe grasshopper and (b) the height of the cliff.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 23

Firemen are shooting a stream of water at a burning building. A high-pressure hose shoots out the water with a speed of 25.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ as it leaves the hose nozzle.
Once it leaves the hose, the water moves in projectile motion. The firemen adjust the angle of elevation of the hose until the water takes 3.00 s to reach a building 45.0 m away. You can ignore air resistance; assume that the end of the hose is at ground level.(a) Find the angle of elevation of the hose. (b) Find the speed and acceleration of the water at the highest point in its trajectory. (c) How high above the ground does the water strike the building, and how fast visit moving just before it hits the building?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 24

. Show that a projectile achieves its maximum range when it is fired at $45^{\circ}$ above the horizontal if $y=y_{6}$

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 25

. A water balloon slingshot launches its projectiles essentially from ground level at a speed of 25.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ . (a) At what angle should the slingshot be aimed to achieve its maximum range? (b) If shot at the angle you calculated in part (a), how .far will a water balloon travel horizontally? (c) For how long will the balloon be in the air? (You can ignore air resistance.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 26

. A certain cannon with a fixed angle of projection has a range of 1500 $\mathrm{m}$ . What will be its range if you add more powder so that the initial speed of the cannonball is tripled?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 27

. The nozzle of a fountain jet sits in the center of a circular pool of radius 3.50 $\mathrm{m}$ . If the nozzle shoots water at an angle of $65^{\circ}$ , what is the maximum speed of the water at the nozzle that will allow it to land within the pool? (You can ignore air resistance.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 28

$\bullet$ Two archers shoot arrows in the same direction from the same place with the same initial speeds but at different angles. One shoots at $45^{\circ}$ above the horizontal, while the other shoots at $60.0^{\circ} .$ If the arrow launched at $45^{\circ}$ lands 225 $\mathrm{m}$ from the archer, how far apart are the two arrows when they land? (You can assume that the arrows start at essentially ground level.)

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 29

A bottle rocket can shoot its projectile vertically to a height of 25.0 $\mathrm{m}$ . At what angle should the bottle rocket be fired to reach its maximum horizontal range, and what is that range? (You can ignore air resistance.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 30

\cdots An airplane is flying with a velocity of 90.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ at an angle of $23.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. When the plane is 114 $\mathrm{m}$ directly above a dog that is standing on level ground, a suitcase drops out of the lugage compartment. How far from the dog will the suitcase land? You can ignore air resistance.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 31

$\bullet$ You swing a 2.2 $\mathrm{kg}$ stone in a circle of radius 75 $\mathrm{cm} .$ At what speed should you swing it so its centripetal acceleration will be 9.8 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ ?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 32

$\bullet$ Consult Appendix E. Calculate the radial acceleration (in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ and $g^{\prime} \mathrm{s}$ ) of an object (a) on the ground at the earth's
equator and (b) at the equator of Jupiter (which takes 0.41 day to spin once), turning with the planet.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 33

$\bullet$ Consult Appendix E and assume circular orbits. (a) What is the magnitude of the orbital velocity, in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s},$ of the earth around the sun? (b) What is the radial acceleration, in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s},$ of the earth toward the sun? (c) Repeat parts (a) and (b) for the motion of the planet Mercury.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 34

$\cdot$ A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each 3.40 $\mathrm{m}$ in length from the central shaft to the tip of the blade. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at 550 rev/min. (a) What is the linear speed, in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ , of the blade tip? (b) What is the radial acceleration of the blade tip, expressed as a multiple of the acceleration $g$ due to gravity?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 35

$\bullet$ A wall clock has a second hand 15.0 $\mathrm{cm}$ long. What is the radial acceleration of the tip of this hand?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 36

A curving freeway exit has a radius of 50.0 $\mathrm{m}$ and a posted speed limit of 35 $\mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h} .$ What is your radial acceleration (in $\mathrm{m} /\mathrm{s}^{2} )$ if you take this exit at the posted speed? What if you take the exit at a speed of 50 $\mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h} ?$

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 37

Dizziness. Our balance is maintained, at least in part, by the endolymph fluid in the inner ear. Spinning displaces this fluid, causing dizziness. Suppose a dancer (or skater) is spinning at a very high 3. 0 revolutions per second about a vertical axis through the center of his head. Although the distance varies from person to person, the inner ear is approximately 7.0 $\mathrm{cm}$ from the axis of spin. What is the radial acceleration (in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ and in $g^{\prime} s$ s of the endolymph fluid?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 38

$\bullet$ Pilot blackout in a power dive. A jet plane comes in for a downward dive as shown in Figure $3.39 .$ The bottom part of the path is a quarter circle having a radius of curvature of 350 $\mathrm{m} .$ According to medical tests, pilots lose consciousness at an acceleration of 5.5$g .$ At what speed (in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ and mph) will the pilot black out for this dive?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 39

$\bullet$ A canoe has a velocity of 0.40 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ southeast relative to the
earth. The canoe is on a river that is flowing 0.50 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ east rela-
tive to the earth. Find the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the canoe relative to the river.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 40

$\bullet$ Crossing the river, I. A river flows due south with a speed of 2.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ A man steers a motorboat across the river; his velocity relative to the water is 4.2 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ due east. The river is 800 $\mathrm{m}$ wide. (a) What is his velocity (magnitude and direction) relative to the earth? (b) How much time is required for the man to cross the river? (c) How far south of his starting point will he reach the opposite bank?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 41

$\bullet$ Crossing the river, II. (a) In which direction should the motorboat in the previous problem head in order to reach a point on the opposite bank directly east from the starting point? (The boat's speed relative to the water remains 4.2 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ ) (b) What is the velocity of the boat relative to the earth? (c) How much time is required to cross the river?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 42

You're standing outside on a windless day when raindrops begin to fall straight down. You run for shelter at a speed of $5.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s},$ and you notice while you're running that the raindrops appear to be falling at an angle of about $30^{\circ}$ from the vertical. What's the vertical speed of the raindrops?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 43

$\bullet$ Bird migration. Canadian geese migrate essentially along a north-south direction for well over a thousand kilometers in some cases, traveling at speeds up to about 100 $\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ . If one such bird is flying at 100 $\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ relative to the air, but there is a 40 $\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ wind blowing from west to east, (a) at what angle relative to the north-south direction should this bird head so that it will be traveling directly southward relative to the ground? (b) How long will it take the bird to cover a ground distance of 500 $\mathrm{km}$ from north to south? (Note: Even on cloudy nights, many birds can navigate using the earth's magnetic field to fix the north-south direction.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 44

\bulletA test rocket is launched by accelerating it along a $200.0-\mathrm{m}$ incline at 1.25 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ starting from rest at point $A$ (Figure $3.40 . )$ The incline rises at $35.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal,and at the instant the rocket leaves it, its engines turn off and it is subject only to gravity (air resistance can be ignored). Find (a) the maximum
height above the ground that the rocket reaches, and (b) the greatest horizontal range of the rocket beyond point $A .$

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 45

$\bullet$ A player kicks a football at an angle of $40.0^{\circ}$ from the horizontal, with an initial speed of 12.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ A second player standing at a distance of 30.0 $\mathrm{m}$ from the first (in the direction of the kick) starts running to meet the ball at the instant it is kicked. How fast must he run in order to catch the ball just before it hits the ground?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 46

$\bullet$ Dynamite! A demolition crew uses dynamite to blow an old building apart. Debris from the explosion flies off in all directions and is later found at distances as far as 50 $\mathrm{m}$ from the explosion. Estimate the maximum speed at which debris was blown outward by the explosion. Describe any assumptions that you make.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 47

Fighting forest fires. When fighting forest fires, airplanes work in support of ground crews by dropping water on the fires. A pilot is practicing by dropping a canister of red dye, hoping to hit a target on the ground below. If the plane is flying in a horizontal path 90.0 $\mathrm{m}$ above the ground and with a speed of $64.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}(143 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h}),$ at what horizontal distance from the target should the pilot release the canister? Ignore air resistance.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 48

An errand of mercy. An airplane is dropping bales of hay to cattle stranded in a blizzard on the Great Plains. The pilot releases the bales at 150 $\mathrm{m}$ above the level ground when the plane is flying at 75 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} 55^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. How far in front of the cattle should the pilot release the hay so that the bales will land at the point where the cattle are stranded?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 49

\bullet A cart carrying a vertical missile launcher moves horizontally at a constant velocity
of 30.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ to the right. It launches a rocket vertically upward. The missile has an initial vertical velocity of 40.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ relative to the cart. (a) How high does the rocket go?
(b) How far does the cart travel while the rocket is in the air?
(c) Where does the rocket land relative to the cart?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 50

$\bullet$ The longest home run. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the longest home run ever measured was hit by Roy "Dizzy" Carlyle in a minor-league game. The ball traveled 188 $\mathrm{m}(618 \mathrm{ft})$ before landing on the ground outside the ball- park. (a) Assuming that the ball's initial velocity was 45 above the horizontal, and ignoring air resistance, what did the initial speed of the ball need to be to produce such a home run if the ball was hit at a point 0.9 $\mathrm{m}(3.0 \mathrm{ft})$ above ground level? Assume that the ground was perfectly flat. (b) How far would the ball be above a fence 3.0 $\mathrm{m}(10 \mathrm{ft})$ in height if the fence were 116 $\mathrm{m}$ $(380 \mathrm{ft})$ from home plate?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 51

A professional golfer can hit a ball with a speed of 70.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ . What is the maximum distance a golf ball hit with this speed could travel on Mars, where the value of $g$ is 3.71 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ ? (The distances golf balls travel on earth are greatly shortened by air resistance and spin, as well as by the stronger force of gravity.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 52

$\bullet$ A baseball thrown at an angle of $60.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal strikes a building 18.0 $\mathrm{m}$ away at a point 8.00 $\mathrm{m}$ above the point from which it is thrown. Ignore air resistance. (a) Find the magnitude of the initial velocity of the baseball (the velocity with which the baseball is thrown). (b) Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the baseball just before it strikes the building.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 53

$\bullet$ A boy 12.0 m above the ground in a tree throws a ball for his dog, who is standing right below the tree and starts running the instant the ball is thrown. If the boy throws the ball horizontally at 8.50 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ , (a) how fast must the dog run to catch the ball just as it reaches the ground, and (b) how far from the tree will the dog catch the ball?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 54

$\bullet$ Suppose the boy in the previous problem throws the ball upward at $60.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal, but all else is the same. Repeat parts (a) and (b) of that problem.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 55

A firefighting crew uses a water cannon that shoots water at 25.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ at a fixed angle of $53.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. The firefighters want to direct the water at a blaze that is 10.0 $\mathrm{m}$ above ground level. How far from the building should they position their cannon? There are two possibilities; can you get them both? (Hint: Start with a sketch showing the trajectory of the water.)

Jayashree B.

### Problem 56

A gun shoots a shell into the air with an initial velocity of $100.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}, 60.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal on level ground. Sketch quantitative graphs of the shell's horizontal and vertical velocity components as functions of time for the complete motion.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 57

$\bullet$ Look out! A snowball rolls off a barn roof that slopes downward at an angle
of $40.0^{\circ} .$ (See Figure $3.42 . )$ The edge of the roof is 14.0 $\mathrm{m}$ Ignore air resistance. How far from the edge of the barn does the snowball strike the ground if it doesn't strike anything else while falling?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 58

Spiraling up. It is common to see birds of prey rising upward on thermals. The paths they take may be spiral-like. You can model the spiral motion as uniform circular motion combined with a constant upward velocity. Assume a bird completes a circle of radius 8.00 $\mathrm{m}$ every 5.00 $\mathrm{s}$ and rises vertically at a rate of 3.00 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ Determine: (a) the speed of the birc relative to the ground; (b) the bird's acceleration (magnitude) and direction); and (c) the angle between the bird's velocity vector and the horizontal.

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 59

. A water hose is used to fill a large cylindrical storage tank of diameter $D$ and height 2$D$ The hose shoots the water at $45^{\circ}$ above the horizontal from the same level as the base of the tank and is a distance 6$D$ away (Fig. $3.43 ) .$ For what range of launch speeds $\left(v_{0}\right)$ will the water enter the tank? Ignore air resistance, and express your answer in terms of $D$ and $g .$

Jayashree B.

### Problem 60

A $\mathbf{A}$ world record. In the shot put, a standard track-and- field event, a 7.3 $\mathrm{kg}$ object (the shot) is thrown by releasing it at approximately $40^{\circ}$ over a straight left leg. The world record for distance, set by Randy Barnes in $1990,$ is 23.11 $\mathrm{m} .$ Assuming that Barnes released the shot put at $40.0^{\circ}$ from a height of
2.00 $\mathrm{m}$ above the ground, with what speed, in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ and mph, did he release it?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 61

A Ferris wheel with radius 14.0 $\mathrm{m}$ is turning about a horizontal axis through its center, as as shown in Figure $3.44 .$ The linear speed of a passenger on the rim is constant and equal to 7.00 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ What are the magnitude and direction of the passenger's acceleration as she passes through (a) the lowest point in her circular motion circular motion? (c) How much time does it take the Ferris wheel to make one revolution?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 62

\cdotse: Leaping the river, II. A physics professor did daredevil stunts in his spare time. His last stunt was an attempt to jump across a river on a motorcycle. (See Figure $3.45 .$ ) The takeoff ramp was inclined at $53.0^{\circ},$ the river was 40.0 $\mathrm{m}$ wide, and the far
bank was 15.0 $\mathrm{m}$ lower than the top of the ramp. The river itself was 100 $\mathrm{m}$ below the ramp. You can ignore air resistance. (a) What should his speed have been at the top of the ramp for him to have just made it to the edge of the far bank? (b) If his speed was only half the value found in $(a)$ where did he land?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 63

\bullet A 76.0 kg boulder is rolling horizontally at the top of a vertical cliff that is 20.0 $\mathrm{m}$ above the surface of a lake, as shown in Figure $3.46 .$ The top of the vertical face of a dam is located 100.0 $\mathrm{m}$ from the foot of the cliff, with the top of the dam level with the surface of the water in the lake. A level plain is 25.0 m below the top of the dam. (a) What must the minimum speed of the rock be just as it leaves the cliff so that
it will travel to the plain without striking the dam? (b) How far from the foot of the dam does the rock hit the plain?

Jayashree B.

### Problem 64

A batter hits a baseball at a speed of 35.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ and an angle of $65.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. At the same instant, an outfielder 70.0 $\mathrm{m}$ away begins running away from the batter in the line of the ball's flight, hoping to catch it. How fast must the out fielder run to catch the ball? ( (ignore air resistance, and assume
the fielder catches the ball at the same height at which it left the bat.)

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 65

$\bullet$ A shell is launched at 150 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} 53^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. When it has reached its highest point, it launches a projectile at a velocity of 100.0 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} 30.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal relative to the shell. Find (a) the maximum height the ground that the projectile reaches and (b) its distance from the place
where the shell was fired to its landing place when it eventually falls back to the ground.

Jayashree B.

### Problem 66

If the astronaut tosses the ball straight up on the moon, it will reach a height of
A. 5 $\mathrm{m}$
B. 10 $\mathrm{m}$
C. 30 $\mathrm{m}$
D. 50 $\mathrm{m}$

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 66

If the astronaut tosses the ball straight up on the moon, it will reach a height of
A. 5 $\mathrm{m}$
B. 10 $\mathrm{m}$
C. 30 $\mathrm{m}$
D. 50 $\mathrm{m}$
If the astronaut throws the ball at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ (see figure 3.11$)$ what can you say about the path of the ball compared to the path that it would have followed had it been thrown on the earth instead?

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 67

The ball will travel
A. the same distance as on the earth
B. farther
C. not as far

Jayashree B.

### Problem 68

The ball will stay aloft
A. the same amount of time as on the earth
B. a shorter amount of time
C. a longer amount of time

Averell H.
Carnegie Mellon University

### Problem 69

The maximum height of the ball will be
A. the same as on earth
B. higher
C. lower

Jayashree B.
If the time of flight of the ball is $t$ seconds, at what point in time will the ball have zero vertical velocity?
A. $t / 4 \mathrm{s}$
B. $t / 4 \mathrm{s}$
C. $t / 2 \mathrm{s}$
D. $t / 2 \mathrm{s}$