Chapter 32, Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids Video Solutions, Biology: Concepts and Investigations

00:56

Problem 1

How do humans and iguanas differ in body temperature regulation?

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01:34

Birds and insects frequently collect nectar from plants. Birds are endothermic, and insects are ectothermic. Do you think that a given amount of nectar can support a greater mass of insects or of birds?

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01:01

Problem 3

On a per-kilogram basis, why does a small mammal such as a shrew require so much more energy than does an elephant?

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02:18

Problem 4

Cite three adaptations that help keep an animal's feet warm.

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02:09

Problem 5

Whales and seals are mammals that swim in ice-cold water. Explain how they might use countercurrent exchange to keep the blood in their flippers from freezing.

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03:11

Problem 6

Woolly mammoths are extinct relatives of modern-day elephants. The mammoths were heavier and shaggier than elephants, their ears were smaller, and they had a thick fat layer under their skin. Explain each of these differences in light of the fact that today's elephants originate in Asia and Africa, whereas mammoths lived on the tundra.

Aria Rotbart

Numerade Educator

02:21

Problem 7

Imagine you are adrift at sea. If you drink seawater, you will dehydrate much faster than if you have access to fresh water. Explain.

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03:24

Problem 8

What are the three types of nitrogenous wastes, and under which conditions is each most likely to be used?

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02:10

Problem 9

How are Malpighian tubules similar to and different from a kidney?

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03:43

Problem 10

List the organs that make up the human urinary system. What is the function of each?

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02:11

Problem 11

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney. What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

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01:27

Problem 12

Urinary tract infections frequently accompany sexually transmitted diseases, especially in women. Why?

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03:29

Problem 13

Draw a nephron and label the parts.

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02:36

Problem 14

Shortly after you drink a large glass of water, you will feel the urge to urinate. Explain this observation. Begin by tracing the path of the water, starting at the glomerulus and ending with the arrival of urine in the bladder

Aria Rotbart

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03:12

Problem 15

How does the kidney reduce the volume of urine to a small fraction of the volume of filtrate that enters the glomerular capsule?

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01:53

Problem 16

Why is protein in the urine a sign of kidney damage? What structures in the kidney are probably affected?

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02:07

Problem 17

How could very low blood pressure impair kidney function?

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03:13

Problem 18

The fluids deep in the medulla of the kidney have a much higher solute concentration than those in the cortex. Where do the solutes in the medulla come from? What is the role of that high solute concentration in the functioning of the nephron loop?

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01:44

Problem 19

An amphibian's kidneys lack nephron loops. Why can't a human also live without nephron loops?

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Numerade Educator

01:53

Problem 20

Many pharmaceutical drugs leave the body in urine. As we age, the number of nephrons in the kidneys declines. Do you predict that an older person would need a higher or lower dose of a drug to compensate for the amount lost in urine? Explain your answer.

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Numerade Educator

01:45

Problem 21

How is the descending limb of the nephron loop different from the ascending limb? Considering their roles in transport of sodium ions, which cells do you think have the most mitochondria: the cells lining the descending limb or the cells lining the ascending limb? Explain.

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05:11

Problem 22

Which of the substances in the table are excreted, and which are reabsorbed into the bloodstream?

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02:05

Problem 23

Review the action of steroid and peptide hormones in chapter 27 Which hormone should act faster, ADH or aldosterone? Why?

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01:31

Problem 24

In a disease called diabetes insipidus, ADH activity is insufficient. Would a person with this disease produce more or less urine than normal? Explain.

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Numerade Educator

05:31

Problem 25

Use the Internet to find a list of diseases of the kidneys or other organs of the urinary system. Select one to research further. What causes the illness you chose, and what are the symptoms? How does the disease interfere with the function of the urinary system? Is there a treatment or cure? Who is most at risk of the disease?

Aria Rotbart

Numerade Educator