A hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all of the target cells in the body? (A) The hormone interacts with the nerves at the base of the brain and directs signals to the target cells through the nervous system. (B) The hormone diffuses into target cells adjacent to the anterior pituitary gland, where the hormone is degraded. (C) The hormone is released into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all cells with the correct receptors. (D) The hormone moves through cytoplasmic connections between cells until it has reached all cells with the correct intracellular binding sites.
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Which one of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? a. FSH b. LH c. ADH d. hGH 67. ADH is responsible to go to the kidney tubules to a. increase urine production b. decrease urine production 68. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about hormones? a. Hormones - chemical messengers that go to target cells via the CV system b. Hormones often regulate homeostasis c. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops d. all are correct 69. What do steroid and protein hormones have in common? a. their ability to mix with water b. their requirements for travel through the bloodstream is the same c. the way they enter the cell d. both enter the nucleus of the cell and regulate DNA activity 70. Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action? a. oxytocin - stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth b. thyroxin - inhibits metabolic rate c. ACTH - stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex d. Melatonin - affects bio-rhythms & seasonal reproduction in animals 71. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes an essential amino acid? a. it can be obtained in the diet only from animal products b. it is a universal building block for the body's proteins, found in all the proteins our bodies synthesize c. although it is necessary for life, the organism in question cannot synthesize it and thus must obtain it in the diet d. it functions as a coenzyme in a biochemical pathway that is essential for life 72. Which one of the following carries on only intracellular digestion? a. humans b. hydra c. mushroom d. Paramecium e. Earthworm
Josee P.
A new hormone is discovered that binds to receptors on the target cell surface. Describe the chemical class of hormone that this hormone could belong to and explain how you could discern the exact class. a. It belongs to the class lipid-derived or peptide hormone as it is water insoluble and thus requires a cell surface receptor. The exact class can be determined on the basis of the hormone's size. b. It belongs to the class amino acid derived hormones as it is lipid insoluble and thus requires a cell surface receptor. This can be discerned by determining the exact structure of the hormone. c. It belongs to the class lipid-derived or peptide hormone as it is water insoluble and thus requires a cell surface receptor. This can be discerned by determining the exact structure of the hormone. d. It belongs to the class amino acid derived or peptide hormone as it is lipid insoluble and thus requires a cell surface receptor. The exact class can be determined on the basis of the hormone's size.
MULTIPLE CHOICE (2 points each): 1. When a protein hormone is being synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what is the initial polypeptide called? a) exon b) peptide c) prohormone d) prehormone e) preprohormone 2. What hormone released by the posterior pituitary functions in uterine contractions and milk letdown in the breast? a) vasopressin b) prolactin c) oxytocin d) ADH e) calcitonin 3. Which of the following is NOT a hormone released from the anterior pituitary? a) prolactin inhibiting hormone b) adrenocorticotropic hormone c) luteinizing hormone d) growth hormone e) follicle stimulating hormone 4. Which organ secretes insulin-like growth factors into the bloodstream? a) pancreas b) liver c) all organs d) adipose tissue e) skeletal muscle 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the growth-supporting functions of growth hormone? a) increased plasma glucose concentration b) increased glucose uptake by muscles c) increased fat breakdown d) increased glucose production and output from the liver e) increased protein synthesis 6. Where are receptors for thyroid hormones located? a) on the plasma membrane of target cells b) in the cytosol of target cells c) in the nucleus of target cells d) in the cytoplasm of all cells in the body 7. Which ion is specifically required for the production of thyroid hormones? a) calcium b) iron c) phosphorus d) iodine e) potassium 8. What is the primary hormone mediating the body's stress response? a) growth hormone b) insulin c) glucagon d) thyroid hormone e) cortisol 9. Acromegaly is associated with what endocrine malfunction? a) decrease in thyroid hormones b) decrease in cortisol c) decrease in epinephrine d) increase in growth hormone in adults e) increase in growth hormone in children 10. Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adrenal gland? a) adrenocorticotropic hormone b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) sex hormones e) epinephrine 11. What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids? a) zona reticularis only b) zona fasciculata only c) zona glomerulosa only d) both zonae reticularis and fasciculata e) both zonae reticularis and glomerulosa
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