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Fundamentals of Physics

David Halliday, Robert Resnick

Chapter 2

Motion Along a Straight line - all with Video Answers

Educators

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Chapter Questions

02:11

Problem 1

While driving a car at $90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$, how far do you move while your cyes shut for $0.50 \mathrm{~s}$ during a hard sneeze?

Pk
Pankaj Kumawat
Numerade Educator
09:50

Problem 2

Compute your averagc velocity in the following two cascs:
(a) You walk $73.2 \mathrm{~m}$ at a speed of $1.22 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and then run $73.2 \mathrm{~m}$ at a speed of $3.05 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ along a straight track. (b) You walk for $1.00 \mathrm{~min}$ at a speed of $1.22 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and then run for $1.00 \mathrm{~min}$ at $3.05 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ along a straight track. (c) Graph $x$ versus $t$ for both cases and indicate how the average velocity is found on the graph.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:58

Problem 3

An automobile travels on a straight road for $40 \mathrm{~km}$ at $30 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. It then continues in the same direction for another $40 \mathrm{~km}$ at $60 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. (a) What is the average velocity of the car during the full $80 \mathrm{~km}$ trip? (Assume that it moves in the positive $x$ dircetion. $t$ and indicate how the average velocity is found on the graph.

Pk
Pankaj Kumawat
Numerade Educator
03:22

Problem 4

A car moves uphill at $40 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and then back downhill at $60 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. What is the average speed for the round trip?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
06:05

Problem 5

The position of an object moving along an $x$ axis is given by $x=3 t-4 t^{2}+t^{3},$ where $x$ is in meters and $t$ in seconds. Find the position of the object at the following values of $t:$ (a) $1 \mathrm{~s}$. (b) $2 \mathrm{~s}$.
(c) $3 \mathrm{~s}$, and (d) $4 \mathrm{~s}$. (c) What is the object's dicplacement hetween $t=0$ and $t=4 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (f) What is its average velocity for the time interval from $t=2 \mathrm{~s}$ to $t=4 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (g) Graph $x$ versus $t$ for $0 \leq t \leq 4 \mathrm{~s}$ and indicate how the answer for (f) can be found on the graph.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:28

Problem 6

The 1992 world speed record for a bicycle (human-powered vehicle) was set by Chris Huber. His time through the measured $200 \mathrm{~m}$ stretch was a sizzling $6.509 \mathrm{~s},$ at which he commented, "Cogito ergo zoom!" (I think, therefore 1 go fast!). In 2001 , Sam Whittingham beat Huber's record by $19.0 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. What was Whittingham's time through the $200 \mathrm{~m}$ ?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:43

Problem 7

Two trains, each having a speed of $30 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ are headed at each other on the same straight track. A bird that can fly $60 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ flies off the front of one train when they are $60 \mathrm{~km}$ apart and heads directly for the other train. On reaching the other train, the (crazy) bird flics directly hack to the first train, and so forth. What is the total distance the bird travcls before the trains collide?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:29

Problem 8

Figure $2-24$ shows a general situation in which a stream of people attempt to escape through an exit door that turns out to be locked. The people move toward the door at speed $v_{j}=3.50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s},$ are each $d=0.25 \mathrm{~m}$ in depth, and are separated by $I_{-}=1.75 \mathrm{~m} .$ The arrangement in Fig. $2-24$ occurs at time $t=0 .$ (a) At what average rate does the layer of people at the door increase? (b) At what time does the layer's depth reach $5.0 \mathrm{~m} ?$ (The answers reveal how quickly such a situation becomes dangerous.)

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:37

Problem 9

In 1 km races, runner 1 on track 1 (with time $2 \min .27 .95 \mathrm{~s}$ ) appears to be faster than runner 2 on track $2(2 \min , 28.15 \mathrm{~s})$. Howcver, length $L_{2}$ of track 2 might be slightly greater than length $L_{1}$ of track 1. How large $\operatorname{can} L_{2}-L_{1}$ be for us still to conclude that runner 1 is faster?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
09:20

Problem 10

To set a speed record in a measured (straight-line) distance $d$, a race car must be driven first in one direction (in time $t_{1}$ ) and then in the opposite direction (in time $t_{2}$ ). (a) To eliminate the effects of the wind and obtain the car's speed $v_{e}$ in a windless situation, should we find the average of $d r_{1}$ and $d h_{2}$ (method 1 ) or should we divide $d$ by the average of $l_{1}$ and $t_{2} ?$ (b) What is the fractional difference in the two methods when a steady wind blows along the car's route and the ratio of the wind speed $v_{n}$ to the car's speed $v_{c}$ is $0.0240 ?$

Hubert Agamasu
Hubert Agamasu
Numerade Educator
04:02

Problem 11

You are to drive $300 \mathrm{~km}$ to an interview. The inter- $d,$ a race car must be driven first in one direction (in time $\left.t_{1}\right)$ and then in the opposite direction (in time $t_{2}$ ). (a) To eliminate the effects of the wind and obtain the car's speed $v_{c}$ in a windless situation, should we find the average of $\bar{d} l_{1}$ and $d h_{2}$ (method 1) or should we divide $d$ by the average of $l_{1}$ and $l_{2} ?$ (b) What is the fractional difference in the two methods when a steady wind blows along the car's route and the ratio of the wind speed $v_{n}$ to the car's speed $v_{c}$ is $0.0240 ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:27

Problem 12

Traffic shock wave. An abrupt slowdown in concentrated traffic can travel as a pulse,, termed a shock wave, along the line of cars, either downstream (in the traffic direction) or upstream, or it can be stationary. Figure $2-25$ shows a uniformly spaced line of cars moving at speed $v=25.0 \mathrm{~m}$ 's toward a uniformly spaced line of slow cars moving at speed $v_{x}=5.00 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. Assume that each faster car adds length $L=12.0 \mathrm{~m}$ (car length plus buffer zone) to the line of slow cars when it joins the line, and assume it slows abruptly at the last instant. (a) For what separation distance $d$ between the faster cars does the shock wave remain stationary? If the separation is twice that amount, what are the (b) speed and (c) direction (upstream or downstream) of the shock wave?

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
12:31

Problem 13

You drive on Interstate 10 from San Antonio to Houston, half the time at $55 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and the other half at $90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. On the way back you travel half the distance at $55 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and the other half at $90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. What is your average speed (a) from San Antonio to Houston, (b) from Houston back to San Antonio, and (c) for the entire trip?
(d) What is your average velocity for the entire trip? (e) Sketch $x$ versus $t$ for (a), assuming the motion is all in the positive $x$ direction. Indicate how the average velocity can be found on the sketch.

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 14

An electron moving along the $x$ axis has a position given by $x=16 v e^{-1} \mathrm{~m},$ where $f$ is in seconds. How far is the electron from the origin when it momentarily stops?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:58

Problem 15

(a) If a particlc's position is given by $x=4-12 t+3 t^{2}$ (where $t$ is in seconds and $x$ is in meters), what is its velocity at $t=1 \mathrm{~s} ?(\mathrm{~b})$ Is it moving in the positive or negative direction of $x$ just then? (c) What is its speed just then?
(d) Is the speed increasing or decreasing just then? (Try answering the next two questions without further calculation.) (c) Is there cver an instant when the velocity is zero? If so. give the time $r$, if not, answer no.
(f) Is there a time after $t=3 \mathrm{~s}$ when the particle is moving in the ncgative dircction of $x ?$ If so, give the time $t$, if not, answer no.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:12

Problem 16

The position function $x(t)$ of a particle moving along an $x$ axis is $x=4.0-6.0 u^{2},$ with $x$ in meters and $t$ in seconds. (a) $\Lambda t$ what time and (b) where does the particle (momentarily) stop? At what (c) negative time and (d) positive time does the particle pass through the origin? (e) Graph $x$ versus $t$ for the range $-5 \mathrm{~s}$ to $+5 \mathrm{~s}$ (f) To shift the curve rightward on the graph, should we include the term $+20 t$ or the term $-20 t$ in $x(t) ?($ g) Docs that inclusion increase or decrease the value of $x$ at which the particle momentarily stops?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
09:57

Problem 17

The position of a particle moving along the $x$ axis is given in centimeters by $x=9.75+1.50 x^{3},$ where $t$ is in seconds. Calculate (a) the average velocity during the time interval $t=2.00 \mathrm{~s}$ to $t=3.00 \mathrm{~s}$
(b) the instantaneous velocity at $t=2.00 \mathrm{~s} ;$ (c) the instantaneous velocity at $t=3.00 \mathrm{~s} ;$ (d) the instantancous velocity at $t=2.50 \mathrm{~s} ;$ and
(e) the instantaneous velocity when the particle is midway between its positions at $\ell=2.00 \mathrm{~s}$ and $t=3.00 \mathrm{~s}$. ( $($ ) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and indicate your answers graphically.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:51

Problem 18

The position of a particle moving along an $x$ axis is given by $x=12 t^{2}-2 t^{3}$, where $x$ is in meters and $t$ is in seconds. Determine (a) the position, (b) the velocity, and (c) the acceleration of the particle at $t=3.0 \mathrm{~s}$. (d) What is the maximum positive coordinate reached by the particle and (e) at what time is it reached? (f) What is the maximum positive velocity reached by the particle and $\underline{(g)}$ at what time is it reached? (h) What is the acceleration of the particle at the instant the particle is not moving (other than at $t=0$ )? (i) Determine the average velocity of the particle between $t=0$ and $t=\overline{3} \mathrm{~s}$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
00:57

Problem 19

At a certain time a particle had a speed of $18 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ in the positive $x$ direction, and $2.4 \mathrm{~s}$ later its speed was $30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ in the opposite direction. What is the average acceleration of the particle during this $2.4 \mathrm{~s}$ interval?

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
04:04

Problem 20

(a) If the position of a particle is given by $x=20 t-5 t^{3}$, where $x$ is in meters and $t$ is in seconds, when, if ever, is the particle's velocity zero? (b) When is its acceleration $a$ zero? (c) For what time range (positive or negative) is a negative? (d) Positive?
(e) Graph $x(t), v(t),$ and $a(t)$

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
08:05

Problem 21

From $t=0$ to $t=5.00 \mathrm{~min},$ a man stands still, and from $t=5.00 \mathrm{~min}$ to $t=10.0 \mathrm{~min},$ he walks briskly in a straight line at a constant speed of $2.20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. What are (a) his average velocity $v_{\text {arg }}$ and (b) his average acceleration $a_{\mathrm{my}}$ in the time interval $2.00 \mathrm{~min}$ to
to 9.00 min? (e) Sketch $x$ versus $f$ and $v$ versus $t,$ and indicate how the answers to (a) through (d) can be obtained from the graphs.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
09:17

Problem 22

The position of a particle moving along the $x$ axis depends on the time according to the equation $x=c t^{2}-b t^{3},$ where $x$ is in meters and $t$ in seconds. What are the units of (a) constant $c$ and (b) constant $b$ ? Let their numerical valucs be 3.0 and $2.0,$ respectivcly. (c) At what time does the particle reach its maximum positive $x$ position? From $t=0.0 \mathrm{~s}$ to $t=4.0 \mathrm{~s},$ (d) what distance does the particle move and (e) what is its displacement? Find its velocity at times (f) $1.0 \mathrm{~s},(\mathrm{~g}) 2.0 \mathrm{~s},(\mathrm{~h}) \overline{3.0 \mathrm{~s}, \text { and }}$
(i) $4.0 \mathrm{~s}$. Find its acceleration at times (j) $1.0 \mathrm{~s},(\mathrm{k}) 2.0 \mathrm{~s},(\mathrm{l}) 3.0 \mathrm{~s},$ and $(\mathrm{m}) 4.0 \mathrm{~s}$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 23

An electron with an initial velocity $v_{0}=1.50 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$
cnters a region of length $L=1.00 \mathrm{~cm}$ where it is electrically accelerated (Fig. $2-26$ ). It cmerges with $v=5.70 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. What is its acceleration, assumed constant?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:39

Problem 24

Catapulting mush- rooms. Certain mushrooms launch their spores by a catapult mechanism. As water condenses from the air onto a spore that is attached to the mushroom, a drop grows on onc side of the spore and a film grows on the other side. The spore is bent over by the drop's weight, but when the film reaches the drop, the drop's water suddenly spreads into the film and the spore springs upward so rapidly that it is slung off into the air. Typically, the spore reaches a speed of $1.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a $5.0 \mu \mathrm{m}$ launch; its speed is then reduced to zero in $1.0 \mathrm{~mm}$ by the air. Using those data and assuming constant accelerations, find the acceleration in terms of $g$ during (a) the launch and (b) the speed reduction.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:11

Problem 25

an clectric vehicle starts from rest and accelerates at a rate of $2.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ in a straight line until it reaches a speed of $20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} .$ The vchicle then slows at a constant rate of $1.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ until it stops. (a) How much time elapses from start to stop? (b) How far does the vehicle travel from start to stop?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:53

Problem 26

A muon (an clementary particle) cnters a region with a specd of $5.00 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and then is slowed at the rate of $1.25 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$.
(a) How far does the muon take to stop? (b) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and $v$ versus 1 for the muon.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:14

Problem 27

An electron has a constant acceleration of $+3.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. At a
certain instant its velocity is $+9.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. What is its velocity (a) $2.5 \mathrm{~s}$ earlier and (b) $2.5 \mathrm{~s}$ later?

Nishant Kumar
Nishant Kumar
Numerade Educator
02:52

Problem 28

On a dry road, a car with good tires may be able to brake with a constant decclcration of $4.92 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. (a) How long docs such a car, initially traveling at $24.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, take to stop? (b) How far does it travel in this time?
(c) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and $v$ versus $t$ for the deceleration.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:20

Problem 29

A certain elevator cab has a total run of $190 \mathrm{~m}$ and a maximum speed of $305 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min},$ and it accelerates from rest and then back to rest at $1.22 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .$ (a) How far docs the cab move whilc accelerating to full speed from rest? (b) How long does it take to make the nonstop $190 \mathrm{~m}$ run, starting and ending at rest?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:15

Problem 30

The brakes on your car can slow you at a rate of $5.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. (a) If you are going $137 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and suddenly see a state trooper, what is the minimum time in which you can get your car under the $90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ speed limit? (The answer reveals the futility of braking to keep your high speed from being detected with a radar or laser gun.)
(b) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and $v$ versus $t$ for such a slowing.

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
02:26

Problem 31

Suppose a rocket ship in deep space moves with con- stant acceleration equal to $9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$, which gives the illusion of normal gravity during the flight. (a) If it starts from rest, how long will it take to acquire a speed onc-tenth that of light, which travels at $3.0 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} ?$ (b) How far will it travel in so doing?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:54

Problem 32

A world's land speed record was set by Colonel John P. Stapp when in March 1954 he rode a rocket-propelled sled that moved along a track at $1020 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. He and the sled were brought to a stop in $1.4 \mathrm{~s}$. (See Fig. $2-7 .$ ) In terms of $g$, what acceleration did he experience while stopping?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
01:49

Problem 33

A car traveling $56.0 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ is $24.0 \mathrm{~m}$ from a barrier when the driver slams on the brakes. The car hits the barrier $2.00 \mathrm{~s}$ later. (a) What is the magnitude of the car's constant acceleration before impact? (b) How fast is the car traveling at impact?

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
06:04

Problem 34

In Fig. $2-27$, a red car and a green car, identical except for the color, move toward cach other in adjacent lancs and parallcl to an $x$ axis. At time $t=0,$ the red car is at $x_{r}=0$ and the green car is at $x_{i r}=220 \mathrm{~m}$. If the red car has a constant velocity of $20 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ the cars pass cach other at $x=44.5 \mathrm{~m}$, and if it has a constant velocity of $40 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ they pass each other at $x=76.6 \mathrm{~m}$. What are (a) the initial velocity and (b) the constant acceleration of the green car?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:07

Problem 35

Figure $2-27$ shows a red car and a green car that move toward each other. Figure $2-28$ is a graph of their motion, showing the positions $x_{x 0}=270 \mathrm{~m}$ and $x_{r \mathrm{t}}=-35.0 \mathrm{~m}$ at time
$t=0 .$ The grcen car has a constant speed of $20.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and the red car hegins from rest. What is the acceleration magnitude of the red car?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:34

Problem 36

A car moves along an $x$ axis through a distance of $900 \mathrm{~m}$, starting at rest (at $x=0$ ) and cnding at rest (at $x=900 \mathrm{~m}$ ). Through the first $\frac{1}{4}$ of that distance, its acceleration is $+2.25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. Through the rest of that distance, its acceleration is $-0.750 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. What are (a) its travel time through the $900 \mathrm{~m}$ and $(\mathrm{b})$ its maximum speed? (c) Graph position $x,$ velocity $v,$ and acceleration $a$ versus time $t$ for the trip.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:14

Problem 37

Figure $2-29$ depicts the motion of a particle moving along an $x$ axis with a constant acceleration. The figure's vertical scaling is set by $x_{s}=6.0 \mathrm{~m}$. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) dircction of the particle's acceleration?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:22

Problem 38

(a) If the maximum acceleration that is tolerable for passengers in a subway train is $1.34 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ and subway stations are located $806 \mathrm{~m}$ apart, what is the maximum spced a subway train can attain between stations? (b) What is the travel time between stations? (c) If a subway train stops for $20 \mathrm{~s}$ at each station, what is the maximum average speed of the train, from one start-up to the next?
(d) Graph $x$, $v$, and $a$ versus $t$ for the interval from one start-up to the next.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:15

Problem 39

Cars $A$ and $B$ move in the same direction in adjacent lanes. The position $x$ of car $A$ is given in Fig. $2-30,$ from time $t=0$ to $t=7.0 \mathrm{~s}$. The figurc's vertical scaling is sct by $x_{x}=32.0 \mathrm{~m} .$ At $t=0,$ car $B$ is at $x=0,$ with a velocity of $12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and a negative constant acceleration $a_{B-}$ (a) What must $a_{0}$ be such that the cars are (momentarily) side by side (momentarily at the same value of $x$ ) at $t=4.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (b) For that value of $a_{n}$, how many times are the cars side by side? (c) Sketch the position $x$ of car $B$ versus time $t$ on Fig. 2 - 30 . How many times will the cars be side by side if the magnitude of acceleration $a_{B}$ is (d) more than and (e) less than the answer to part (a)?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:09

Problem 40

You are driving toward a traffic signal when it turns yel- low. Your speed is the legal speed limit of $v_{0}=55 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$; your best deceleration rate has the magnitude $a=5.18 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. Your best reaction time to begin braking is $T=0.75 \mathrm{~s}$. To avoid having the front of your car enter the intersection after the light turns red, should you brake to a stop or continue to move at $55 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ if the distance to the intersection and the duration of the yellow light are (a) $40 \mathrm{~m}$ and $2.8 \mathrm{~s}$, and (b) $32 \mathrm{~m}$ and $1.8 \mathrm{~s} ?$ Give an answer of brake, continuc, cither (if either strategy works), or neither (if neither strategy works and the yellow duration is inappropriate).

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:56

Problem 41

As two trains move along a track, their conduetors suddenly notice that they arc headed toward cach other. Figure $2-31$ gives their velocities $v$ as functions of time $t$ as the conductors slow the trains. The figure's vertical scaling is set by $v_{1}=40.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} .$ The slowing pro- cesses begin when the trains are $200 \mathrm{~m}$ apart. What is their separation when both trains have stopped?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
09:19

Problem 42

You are arguing over a cell phone while trailing an unmarked police car by $25 \mathrm{~m} ;$ both your car and the police car are traveling at $110 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. Your argument diverts your attention from the police car for $2.0 \mathrm{~s}$ (long enough for you to look at the phone and yell, " 1 won't do that $\left.\right|^{n}$ ). At the beginning of that $2.0 \mathrm{~s}$. the police officer begins braking suddenly at $5.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. (a) What is the separation between the two cars when your attention finally returns? Suppose that you take another $0.40 \mathrm{~s}$ to realize your danger and begin braking. (b) If you too brake at $5.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$, what is your speed when you hit the police car?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 43

When a high-speed passenger train traveling at $161 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ rounds a bend. the engineer is shocked to see that a locomotive has improperly cntered onto the track from a siding and is a distance $D=676 \mathrm{~m}$ ahcad (Fig. $2-32$ ). The locomotive is moving at $29.0 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h} .$ The engineer of the high-speed train immediately applies the brakes. (a) What must be the magnitude of the resulting constant deceleration if a collision is to be just avoided?
(b) Assume that the engineer is at $x=0$ when, at $t=0,$ he first spots the locomotive. Sketch $x(t)$ curves for the locomotive and high-speed train for the cases in which a collision is just avoided and is not quite avoided.

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
03:44

Problem 44

When startled, an armadillo will leap upward. Suppose it riscs $0.544 \mathrm{~m}$ in the first $0.200 \mathrm{~s}$. (a) What is its initial speed as it leaves the ground? (b) What is its speed at the height of $0.544 \mathrm{~m} ?$
(c) How much higher does it go?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
View

Problem 45

(a) With what speed must a ball be thrown vertically from ground level to rise to a maximum height of $50 \mathrm{~m} ?$
(b) How long will it be in the air? (c) Sketch graphs of $y, v,$ and $a$ versus $t$ for the ball. On the first two graphs, indicate the time at which $50 \mathrm{~m}$ is reached.

Emily Anderson
Emily Anderson
Numerade Educator
02:44

Problem 46

Raindrops fall $1700 \mathrm{~m}$ from a cloud to the ground. (a) If they were not slowed by air resistance, how fast would the drops be moving when they struck the ground? (b) Would it be safe to walk outside during a rainstorm?

Prabhu Ramji
Prabhu Ramji
Numerade Educator
03:32

Problem 47

At a construction site a pipe wrench struck the ground with a speed of $24 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. (a) From what height was it inadvertently dropped? (b) How long was it falling? (c) Sketch graphs of $y, v$, and $a$ versus $t$ for the wrench.

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:37

Problem 48

A hoodlum throws a stone vertically downward with an initial spced of $12.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ from the roof of a building, $30.0 \mathrm{~m}$ above the ground. (a) How long does it take the stone to reach the ground?
(b) What is the speed of the stone at impact?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:16

Problem 49

A hot-air balloon is ascending at the rate of $12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and is $80 \mathrm{~m}$ above the ground when a package is dropped over the side.
(a) How long does the package take to reach the ground? (b) With what spced docs it hit the ground?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:04

Problem 50

At time $t=0,$ apple 1 is dropped from a bridge onto a roadway bencath the bridgc; somcwhat later, apple 2 is thrown down from the same height. Figure $2-33$ gives the vertical positions $y$ of the apples versus $t$ during the falling, until both apples have hit the roadway. The scaling is set by $t_{s}=2.0 \mathrm{~s}$. With approximately what speed is apple 2 thrown down?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:53

Problem 51

As a runaway scientific balloon ascends at $19.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s},$ one of its instrument packages breaks free of a harness and free-falls. Figure 2 - 34 gives the vertical velocity of the package versus time, from before it breaks free to when it reaches the ground. (a) What maximum height above the break-free point does it risc? (b) How high is the break-free point above the ground?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:05

Problem 52

A bolt is dropped from a bridec undering $90 \mathrm{~m}$ construction, fall- to the valley below the bridge. (a) In how much time does it pass through the last $20 \%$ of its fall? What is its speed (b) when it begins that last $20 \%$ of its fall and (c) when it reaches the valley bencath the bridge?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:21

Problem 53

A key falls from a bridge that is $45 \mathrm{~m}$ above the watcr. It falls directly into a model boat, moving with constant velocity, that is $12 \mathrm{~m}$ from the point of impact when the key is released. What is the speed of the boat?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:16

Problem 54

A stone is dropped into a river from a bridge $43.9 \mathrm{~m}$ above the water. Another stone is thrown vertically down $1.00 \mathrm{~s}$ after the first is dropped. The stones strike the water at the same timc. (a) What is the initial speed of the scoond stonc?
(b) Plot velocity versus time on a graph for each stone, taking zero time as the instant the first stone is released.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:43

Problem 55

A hall of moist clay falls $15.0 \mathrm{~m}$ to the ground. It is in contact with the ground for $20.0 \mathrm{~ms}$ before stopping. (a) What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the ball during the time it is in contact with the ground? (Ireat the ball as a particle.) (b) Is the average acceleration up or down?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 56

Shows the speed $v$ versus height $y$ of a ball tossed directly upward, along a $y$ axis. Distance $d$ is $0.40 \mathrm{~m} .$
The speed at height $y_{A}$ is $v_{A} .$ The speed at height $y_{s}$ is $3 v_{A}$. What is speed $v_{A} ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:59

Problem 57

To test the quality of a tennis ball, you drop it onto the floor from a height of $4.00 \mathrm{~m}$. It rebounds to a height of $2.00 \mathrm{~m}$. If the ball is in contact with the floor for $12.0 \mathrm{~ms}$, (a) what is the magnitude of its average acccleration during that contact and (b) is the average acceleration up or down?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
24:07

Problem 58

An object falls a distance $h$ from rest. If it travels 0.50 h in the last $1.00 \mathrm{~s},$ find (a) the time and (b) the height of its fall.
(c) Explain the physically unacceptable solution of the quadratic equation in $t$ that you obtain.

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
05:45

Problem 59

Water drips from the nozzle of a shower onto the floor $200 \mathrm{~cm}$ below. The drops fall at regular (equal) intervals of time. the first drop striking the floor at the instant the fourth drop begins to fall. When the first drop strikes the floor, how far below the nocrle are the (a) second and (b) third drops?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
33:05

Problem 61

A steel ball is dropped from a building's roof and passes a window, taking $0.125 \mathrm{~s}$ to fall from the top to the bottom of the window, a distance of $1.20 \mathrm{~m}$. It then falls to a sidewalk and bounces back past the window, moving from bottom to top in $0.125 \mathrm{~s}$. Assume that the upward flight is an exact reverse of the fall. The time the ball spends below the bottom of the window is $2.00 \mathrm{~s}$. How tall is the building?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
05:54

Problem 62

A basketball player grabbing a rebound jumps $76.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ vertically. How much total time (ascent and descent) does the player spend (a) in the top $15.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ of this jump and (b) in the bottom $15.0 \mathrm{~cm} ?$ (The playcr secms to hang in the air at the top.)

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:14

Problem 63

A drowsy cat spots a flowerpot that sails first up and then down past an open window. The pot is in view for a total of $0.50 \mathrm{~s}$, and the top-to-bottom height of the window is $2.00 \mathrm{~m}$. How high above the window top docs the flowerpot go?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:43

Problem 64

A ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of another planet. A plot of $y$ versus $t$ for the ball is shown in Fig. $2-36,$ where $y$ is the height of the ball above its starting point and $t=0$ at the instant the ball is shot. The figure's vertical scaling is set by $y_{s}=30.0 \mathrm{~m}$. What are the magnitudes of (a) the free-fall acceleration on the planet and (b) the initial velocity of the ball?

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
04:58

Problem 65

Gives the acceleration of a volunteer's head and torso during a rear-end collision. At maximum head acceleration, what is the speed of (a) the head and (b) the torso?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:26

Problem 66

In a forward punch in karate, the fist begins at rest at the waist and is brought rapidly forward until the arm is fully extended. The speed $v(t)$ of the fist is given in Fig. $2-37$ for someone skilled in karate. The vertical scaling is set by $v_{x}=8.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. How far has the fist moved at (a) time $t=50 \mathrm{~ms}$ and (b) when the speed of the fist is maximum?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
07:26

Problem 67

When a soccer ball is kicked toward a player and the player deflects the ball by "heading" it, the acceleration of the head
during the collision can be significant. Figure $2-38$ gives the measured acccleration $a(t)$ of a soccer player's head for a bare head and a helmeted head, starting from rest. The scaling on the vertical axis is set by $a_{s}=200 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. At time $t=7,0 \mathrm{~ms}$, what is the difference in the speed acquired by the bare head and the speed acquired by the helmeted head?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:53

Problem 68

A salamander of the genus hydromantes captures prey by launching its tongue as a projectile: The skeletal part of the tongue is shot forward, unfolding the rest of the tongue, until the outer portion lands on the prey, sticking to it. Figure $2-39$ shows the accelcration magnitude $a$ versus time $t$ for the acceleration phase of the launch in a typical situation. The indicated accelerations are $a_{2}=400 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ and $a_{1}=100 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$
What is the outward speed of the tongue at the end of the acceleration phase?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:05

Problem 69

How far does the runner whose velocity-time graph is shown in Fig. $2-40$ travel in 16 s? The figure's vertical scaling is sct by $v_{x}=80 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:43

Problem 70

Two particles move along an $x$ axis. The position of particle 1 is given by $x=6.00 t^{2}+3.00 t+2.00$ (in meters and seconds); the acceleration of particle 2 is given by $a=-8.00 t$ (in meters per second squared and seconds) and, at $t=0,$ its velocity is $20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. When the velocities of the particles match, what is their velocity?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
07:19

Problem 71

In an arcade video game, a spot is programmed to move across the screen according to $x=9.00 t-0.750 t^{3}$, where $x$ is distance in centimeters measured from the left edge of the screen and $t$ is time in seconds. When the spot reaches a screen edge, at either $x=0$ or $x=15.0 \mathrm{~cm}, t$ is reset to 0 and the spot starts moving again according to $x(t)$. (a) At what time after starting is the spot instantaneously at rest? (b) $A t$ what value of $x$ does this occur? (c) What is the spot's acceleration (including sign) when this occurs? (d) 1st it moving right or left just prior to coming to rest? (e) Just after?
(f) At what time $t>0$ docs it first reach an edge of the screen?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:26

Problem 72

A rock is shot vertically upward from the edge of the top of a tall building. The rock reaches its maximum height above the top of the building $1.60 \mathrm{~s}$ after being shot. Then, after barely missing the edge of the building as it falls downward, the rock strikes the ground $6.00 \mathrm{~s}$ after it is launched. In $\mathrm{SI}$ units: (a) with what upward velocity is the rock shot, (b) what maximum height above the top of the building is reached by the rock, and (c) how tall is the building?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:24

Problem 73

At the instant the traffic light turns green, an automobile starts with a constant acceleration $a$ of $2.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$. At the same instant a truck, traveling with a constant speed of $9.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, overtakes and passes the automobile. (a) How far beyond the traffic signal will the automobile overtake the truck? (b) How fast will the automobile be traveling at that instant?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:26

Problem 74

A pilot flics horizontally at $1300 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ at height $h=35 \mathrm{~m}$ above initially level ground. However, at time $t=0,$ the pilot begins to fly over ground sloping upward at angle $\theta=4.3^{\circ}$ (Fig. $2-41$ ). If the pilot does not change the airplane's heading, at what time $t$ does the plane strike the ground?

Supratim Pal
Supratim Pal
Numerade Educator
06:52

Problem 75

To stop a car, first you require a certain reaction time to begin braking: then the car slows at a constant rate. Suppose that the total distance moved by your car during these two phases is $56.7 \mathrm{~m}$ when its initial speed is $80.5 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ and $24.4 \mathrm{~m}$ when its initial specd is $48.3 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. What are (a) your reaction time and (b) the magnitude of the acceleration?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:10

Problem 76

Figure $2-42$ shows part of a street where traffic flow is to be controlled to allow a platoon of cars to move smoothly along the street. Suppose that the platoon leaders have just reached intersection 2 , where the green appeared when they were distance $d$ from the intersection. They continue to travel at a certain speed $v_{p}$ (the speed limit) to reach intersection 3 , where the green appears when they are distance $d$ from it. The intersections are separated by distances $D_{23}$ and $D_{12}$. (a) What should be the time delay of the onset of green at intersection 3 relative to that at intersection 2 to keep the platoon moving smoothly?

Suppose, instead, that the platoon had been stopped by a red light at intersection 1. When the green comes on there, the lcaders require a certain time $t_{r}$ to respond to the change and an additional time to accelerate at some rate $a$ to the cruising speed $v_{p}$. (b) If the green at intersection 2 is to appear when the leaders are distance $d$ from that intersection, how long after the light at intersection 1 turns green should the light at intersection 2 turn green?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:46

Problem 77

A hot rod can accelerate from 0 to $60 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ in $5.4 \mathrm{~s}$. (a) What is its average acceleration. in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$, during this time? (b) How far will it travel during the $5.4 \mathrm{~s}$, assuming its acceleration is constant? (c) From rest, how much time would it require to go a distance of $0.25 \mathrm{~km}$ if its acceleration could be maintained at the value in (a)?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:00

Problem 78

A red train traveling at $72 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and a green train traveling at $144 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ are headed toward each other along a straight, level track. When they are $950 \mathrm{~m}$ apart, each engineer sees the other's train and applies the brakes. The brakes slow each train at the rate of $1.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .$ Is there a collision? If so, answer yes and give the speed of the red train and the speed of the green train at impact, respectively. If not, answer no and give the separation between the trains when they stop.

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:37

Problem 79

At time $t=0,$ a rock climber accidentally allows a piton to fall freely from a high point on the rock wall to the valley below him. Then, after a short delay. his climbing partner, who is $10 \mathrm{~m}$ higher on the wall, throws a piton downward. The positions $y$ of the pitons versus $t$ during the falling are what speed is the second piton thrown?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:42

Problem 80

A train started from rest and moved with constant accelcration. At one time it was traveling $30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, and $160 \mathrm{~m}$ farther on it was traveling $50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. Calculate (a) the acceleration, (b) the time rcquired to travel the $160 \mathrm{~m}$ mentioned, (c) the time required to attain the speed of $30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s},$ and $(\mathrm{d})$ the distance moved from rest to the time the train had a speed of $30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. (e) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and $v$ versus $t$ for the train, from rest.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:22

Problem 81

A particle's acceleration along an $x$ axis is $a=5.0 t,$ with $t$ in seconds and $a$ in meters per second squared. At $t=2.0 \mathrm{~s}$ its velocity is $+17 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. What is its velocity at $t=4.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
02:45

Problem 82

Gives the acccleration $a$ versus time $t$ for a particle moving along an $x$ axis. The $a$ -axis scale is set by $a_{s}=12.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} . \mathrm{At}$
$t=-2.0 \mathrm{~s}, \quad$ the $\quad$ particle's velocity is $7.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} .$ What is its velocity at $t=6.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:41

Problem 83

Shows a simple device for measuring your reaction time. It consists of a cardboard strip marked with a scale and two large dots. A friend holds the strip vertically, with thumb and forefinger at the dot on the right in Fig. $2-45$. You then position your thumb and forcfinger at the other dot (on the left in Fig. $2-45$ ), being careful not to touch the strip. Your friend releases the strip, and you try to pinch it as soon as possible after you see it begin to fall. The mark at the place where you pinch the strip gives your reaction time. (a) How far from the lower dot should you place the $50.0 \mathrm{~ms}$ mark? How much higher should you place the marks for (b) $100,$ (c) $150,$ (d) 200 , and (e) $250 \mathrm{~ms} ?$ (For example, should the $100 \mathrm{~ms}$ marker be 2 times as far from the dot as the $50 \mathrm{~ms}$ marker? If so, give an answer of 2 times. Can you find any pattern in the answers?)

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:35

Problem 84

A rocket-driven sled running on a straight, levcl track is used to investigate the effects of large accelerations on humans. One such sled can attain a speed of $1600 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ in $1.8 \mathrm{~s}$, starting from rest. Find (a) the acceleration (assumed constant) in terms of $g$ and
(b) the distance traveled.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 85

A mining cart is pulled up a hill at $20 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ and then pulled back down the hill at $35 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ through its original level. (The time required for the cart's reversal at the top of its climb is negligible.) What is the average speed of the cart for its round trip, from its original level back to its original level?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
04:06

Problem 86

A motorcyclist who is moving along an $x$ axis directed toward the east has an acceleration given by $a=(6.1-1.2 t) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ for $0 \leq t \leq 6.0 \mathrm{~s}$. At $t=0,$ the velocity and position of the cyclist are $2.7 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and $7.3 \mathrm{~m}$. (a) What is the maximum speed achieved by the cyclist? (b) What total distance does the cyclist travel between $t=0$ and $6.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:21

Problem 87

When the legal speed limit for the New York 'Ihruway was increased from 55 mih to 65 mih. how much time was saved by a motorist who drove the $700 \mathrm{~km}$ between the Buffalo entrance and the New York City exit at the legal speed limit?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:49

Problem 88

A car moving with constant acceleration covered the distance between two points $60.0 \mathrm{~m}$ apart in $6.00 \mathrm{~s}$. Its speed as it passed the second point was $15.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. (a) What was the speed at the first point? (b) What was the magnitude of the acceleration? (c) At what prior distance from the first point was the car at rest?
(d) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and $v$ versus $i$ for the car, from rest $(t=0)$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:14

Problem 89

A certain juggler usually tosses halls vertically to a height $H$. To what height must they be tossed if they are to spend twice as much time in the air?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:33

Problem 90

A particle starts from the origin at $t=0$ and moves along the positive $x$ axis. A graph of the velocity of the particle as a function of the time is shown in Fig. $2-46 ;$ the $v$ -axis scale is set by $v_{x}=4.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. (a) What is the coordinate of the particle at $t=5.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (b) What is the velocity of the particle at $t=5.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (c) What is the acceleration of the particle at $t=5.0 \mathrm{~s}$ ? (d) What is the average velocity of the particle between $t=1.0 \mathrm{~s}$ and $t=5.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (e) What is the average acceleration of the particle bctween $t=1.0 \mathrm{~s}$ and $t=5.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:55

Problem 91

$A$ rock is dropped from a $100-\mathrm{m}$ -high cliff. How long does it take to fall (a) the first $50 \mathrm{~m}$ and (b) the second $50 \mathrm{~m}$ ?

Prabhu Ramji
Prabhu Ramji
Numerade Educator
04:01

Problem 92

Two subway stops are separated by $1100 \mathrm{~m}$. If a subway train accelerates at $+1.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ from rest through the first hall of the distance and decelerates at $-1.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ through the second half, what are (a) its travel time and (b) its maximum speed?
(c) Graph $x, v$ and $a$ versus $t$ for the trip.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:55

Problem 93

A stone is thrown vertically upward. On its way up it passes point $A$ with speed $v$, and point $B, 3.00 \mathrm{~m}$ higher than $A,$ with speed $\frac{1}{2} v .$ Calculate (a) the speed $v$ and (b) the maximum height reached by the stone above point $B$.

Prabhu Ramji
Prabhu Ramji
Numerade Educator
03:26

Problem 94

A rock is dropped (from rest) from the top of a $60-\mathrm{m}$ -tall building. How far above the ground is the rock $1.2 \mathrm{~s}$ before it reaches the ground?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
04:08

Problem 95

An iceboat has a constant velocity toward the east when a sudden gust of wind causes the icchoat to have a constant acceleration toward the east for a period of $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$. A plot of $x$ versus $t$ is shown in Fig. $2-47,$ where $t=0$ is taken to be the instant the wind starts to blow and the positive $x$ axis is toward the east. (a) What is the acceleration of the iceboat during the $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$ interval? (b) What is the velocity of the iccboat at the cnd of the $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$ interval? (c) If the acceleration remains constant for an additional $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$, how far does the iccboat travel during this second $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$ interval?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
08:49

Problem 96

A lead ball is dropped in a lake from a diving board $5.20 \mathrm{~m}$ ahove the water. It hits the water with a certain velocity and then sinks to the bottom with this same constant velocity. It reaches the bottom $4.80 \mathrm{~s}$ after it is dropped. (a) How deep is the lake? What are the (b) magnitude and (c) direction (up or down) of the average velocity of the ball for the entire fall? Suppose that all the water is drained from the lake. The ball is now thrown from the diving board so that it again reaches the bottom in $4.80 \mathrm{~s}$. What are the
(d) magnitude and (e) direction of the initial velocity of the ball?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:09

Problem 97

The single cable supporting an unocceupied construction evator breaks when the elevator is at rest at the top of a $120-\mathrm{m}$ -high building. (a) With what speed does the elevator strike the ground?
(b) How long is it falling? (c) What is its speed when it passes the halfway point on the way down? (d) How long has it been falling when it passes the halfway point?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:47

Problem 98

Two diamonds begin a free fall from rest from the same height, $1.0 \mathrm{~s}$ apart. How long after the first diamond begins to fall will the two diamonds be $10 \mathrm{~m}$ apart?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
02:20

Problem 99

A ball is thrown vertically downward from the top of a $36.6-\mathrm{m}$ -tall building. The ball passes the top of a window that is $12.2 \mathrm{~m}$ above the ground $2.00 \mathrm{~s}$ after heing thrown. What is the specd of the ball as it passes the top of the window?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
07:23

Problem 100

A parachutist bails out and freely falls $50 \mathrm{~m}$. Then the parachute opens, and thercafter she decclerates at $2.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .$ She reaches the ground with a speed of $3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. (a) How long is the parachutist in the air? (b) At what height does the fall begin?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
04:14

Problem 101

A ball is thrown down vertically with an initial speed of $v_{0}$ from a height of $h$. (a) What is its speed just before it strikes the ground? (b) How long does the ball take to reach the ground? What would be the answers to (c) part a and (d) part b if the ball were thrown upward from the same height and with the same initial speed? Before solving any equations, decide whether the answers to (c) and (d) should be greater than, less than, or the same as in
(a) and (b).

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 102

The sport with the fastest moving ball is jai alai, where measured speeds have reached $303 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$. If a professional jai alai player faces a ball at that speed and involuntarily blinks, he blacks out the scene for $100 \mathrm{~ms}$. How far does the ball move during the blackout?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
01:33

Problem 103

If a baseball pitcher throws a fastball at a horizontal speed of $160 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h},$ how long does the ball take to reach home plate $18.4 \mathrm{~m}$ away?

Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Numerade Educator
03:47

Problem 104

A proton moves along the $x$ axis according to the equation $x=50 t+10 r^{2},$ where $x$ is in meters and $t$ is in seconds. Calculate (a) the average velocity of the proton during the first $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$ of its motion.
(b) the instantancous velocity of the proton at $t=3.0 \mathrm{~s}$, and (c) the instantancous acceleration of the proton at $t=3.0 \mathrm{~s}$. (d) Graph $x$ versus $t$ and indicate how the answer to (a) can be obtained from the plot. (c) Indicate the answer to (b) on the graph. (f) Plot $v$ versus $t$ and indicate on it the answer to (c).

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:21

Problem 105

A motorcycle is moving at $30 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ when the rider applies the brakes, giving the motorcycle a constant deceleration. During the $3.0 \mathrm{~s}$ interval immediately after braking begins, the speed decreases to $15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} .$ What distance does the motorcycle travel from the instant braking begins until the motorcycle stops?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
02:43

Problem 106

A shuffleboard disk is accelerated at a constant rate from rest to a speed of $6.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ over a $1.8 \mathrm{~m}$ distance by a player using a cue. At this point the disk loses contact with the cue and slows at a constant rate of $2.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ until it stops. (a) How much time elapses from when the disk begins to accelerate until it stops? (b) What total distance does the disk travel?

Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 107

The head of a rattlesnake can accelerate at $50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ in striking a victim. If a car could do as well, how long would it take to reach a speed of $100 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ from rest?

Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Manish Kumar ( Iit K )
Numerade Educator
02:04

Problem 108

A jumbo jet must reach a speed of $360 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ on the runway for takcoff. What is the lowest constant accelcration needed for takcoff from a $1.80 \mathrm{~km}$ runway?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
02:22

Problem 109

An automobile driver increases the speed at a constant rate from $25 \mathrm{~km}$ 'h to $55 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ in $0.50 \mathrm{~min}$. A bicycle rider speeds up at a constant rate from rest to $30 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ in $0.50 \mathrm{~min}$. What are the magnitudcs of (a) the driver's acceleration and (b) the rider's acceleration?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 110

On average, an eye blink lasts about $100 \mathrm{~ms}$. How far does a MiG-25 "Foxhat" fighter travel during a pilot's blink if the planc's average vclocity is $3400 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h} ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
05:27

Problem 111

A certain sprinter has a top speed of $11.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. If the sprinter starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate, he is able to reach his top speed in a distance of $12.0 \mathrm{~m}$. He is then able to maintain this top speed for the remainder of a $100 \mathrm{~m}$ race. (a) What is his time for the $100 \mathrm{~m}$ race? (b) In order to improve his time, the sprinter trics to decrease the distance required for him to reach his top speed. What must this distance be if he is to achieve a time of $10.0 \mathrm{~s}$ for the race?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:46

Problem 112

The speed of a bullet is measured to be $640 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ as the bullct cmerges from a barrel of length $1.20 \mathrm{~m}$. A ssuming constant accelcration, find the time that the bullet spends in the barrel after it is fired.

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
03:36

Problem 113

The Zero Gravity Research Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center includes a 145 m drop tower. This is an evacuated vertical tower through which, among other possibilities, a 1 -m-diameter sphere containing an experimental package can he dropped. (a) How long is the sphere in free fall? (b) What is its speed just as it reaches a catching device at the bottom of the tower? (c) When caught, the sphere experiences an average deceleration of $25 \mathrm{~g}$ as its speed is reduced to zero. Through what distance does it travel during the deceleration?

Nishant Kumar
Nishant Kumar
Numerade Educator
06:26

Problem 114

A car can be braked to a stop from the autobahn-like speed of $200 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ in $170 \mathrm{~m}$. Assuming the acceleration is constant, Find its magnitude in (a) SI units and (b) in terms of g. (c) How much time $T_{b}$ is required for the braking? Your reaction time $T,$ is the time you require to perceive an emergency, move your foot to the brake. and begin the braking. If $T_{r}=400 \mathrm{~ms}$, then (d) what is $T_{b}$ in terms of $T_{n}$ and $(\mathrm{c})$ is most of the full time required to stop spent in reacting or braking" Dark sunglasses delay the visual signals sent from the cyes to the visual cortex in the brain, increasing $T_{r-}$ (f) In the extreme case in which $T_{r}$ is increased by $100 \mathrm{~ms}$, how much farther does the car travel during your reaction time?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
01:32

Problem 115

In $1889,$ at Jubbulpore, India, a tug-of-war was finally won after $2 \mathrm{~h} 41 \mathrm{~min},$ with the winning team displacing the center of the rope $3.7 \mathrm{~m} .$ In centimeters per minute, what was the magnitude of the average velocity of that center point during the contest?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
01:28

Problem 116

Most important in an investigation of an airplane crash by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board is the data stored on the airplane's flight-data recorder, commonly called the "black box" in spite of its orange coloring and reflective tape. The recorder is engineered to withstand a crash with an average deceleration of magnitude $3400 \mathrm{~g}$ during a time interval of $6.50 \mathrm{~ms}$. In such a crash, if the recorder and airplane have zero speed at the end of that time interval, what is their speed at the beginning of the interval?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:54

Problem 117

From January $26,1977,$ to September $18,1983,$ George Meegan of Great Britain walked from Ushuaia, at the southern tip of South America, to Prudhoe Bay in Alaska, covering $30600 \mathrm{~km}$. In meters per second, what was the magnitude of his average velocity during that time period?

Donald Albin
Donald Albin
Numerade Educator
03:52

Problem 118

The wings on a stoncfly do not flap, and thus the insect cannot fly. However, when the insect is on a water surface, it can sail across the surface by lifting its wings into a hreere. Suppose that you time stoneflies as they move at constant speed along a straight path of a certain length. On average, the trips each take $7.1 \mathrm{~s}$ with the wings set as sails and $25.0 \mathrm{~s}$ with the wings tucked in. (a) What is the ratio of the sailing speed $v_{s}$ to the nonsailing speed $v_{\sin } ?$ (b) In terms of $v_{s .}$ what is the difference in the times the inscets take to travel the first $2.0 \mathrm{~m}$ along the path with and without sailing?

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator
06:17

Problem 119

The position of a particle as it moves along a $y$ axis is given by
$$
y=(2.0 \mathrm{~cm}) \sin (\pi t / 4)
$$
with $t$ in seconds and $y$ in centimeters. (a) What is the average velocity of the particle between $t=0$ and $t=2.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (b) What is the instantaneous velocity of the particle at $t=0,1.0,$ and $2.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$ (c) What is the average acceleration of the particle between $t=0$ and $t=2.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$
(d) What is the instantancous acceleration of the particle at $t=0$, $1.0,$ and $2.0 \mathrm{~s} ?$

Km Neeraj
Km Neeraj
Numerade Educator