Mechanics of Materials

Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., John T. DeWolf

Chapter 4

Pure Bending - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Knowing that the couple shown acts in a vertical plane, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A$, $(b)$ point $B$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Using an allowable stress of $155 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the largest bending moment M that can be applied to the wide-flange beam shown. Neglect the effect of fillets.

Ajay Singhal

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Using an allowable stress of $155 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the largest bending moment M that can be applied to the wide-flange beam shown. Neglect the effect of fillets.

Ajay Singhal

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Solve Prob, 4.3 , assuming that the wide-flange beam is bent about the $y$ axis by a couple of moment $M_{y}.$
Using an allowable stress of $16 \mathrm{ksi}$, determine the largest couple that can be applied to each pipe.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Solve Prob, 4.3 , assuming that the wide-flange beam is bent about the $y$ axis by a couple of moment $M_{y}$.
Using an allowable stress of $16 \mathrm{ksi}$, determine the largest couple that can be applied to each pipe.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

A beam of the cross section shown is extruded from an aluminum alloy for which $\sigma_{y}=250 \mathrm{MPa}$ and $\sigma_{U}=450 \mathrm{MPa}$. Using a factor of safety of $3.00,$ determine the largest couple that can be applied to the beam when it is bent about the $z$ axis.

Naman Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Two $\mathrm{W} 4 \times 13$ rolled sections are welded together as shown. Knowing that for the steel alloy used $\sigma_{U}=58 \mathrm{ksi}$ and using a factor of safety of $3.0,$ determine the largest couple that can be applied when the assembly is bent about the $z$ axis.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Two $\mathrm{W} 4 \times 13$ rolled sections are welded together as shown. Knowing that for the steel alloy used $\sigma_{U}=58 \mathrm{ksi}$ and using a factor of safety of $3.0,$ determine the largest couple that can be applied when the assembly is bent about the $z$ axis.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of the cross section shown. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion $B C$ of the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of the cross section shown. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion $B C$ of the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of the cross section shown. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion $B C$ of the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Knowing that a beam of the cross section shown is bent about a horizontal axis and that the bending moment is $6 \mathrm{kN}$ -m, determine the total force acting on the shaded portion of the web.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Knowing that a beam of the cross section shown is bent about a horizontal axis and that the bending moment is $8 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$, determine the total force acting on the top flange.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Knowing that a beam of the cross section shown is bent about a vertical axis and that the bending moment is $4 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$, determine the total force acting on the shaded portion of the lower flange.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Knowing that for the casting shown the allowable stress is 5 ksi in tension and 18 ksi in compression, determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

The beam shown is made of a nylon for which the allowable stress is $24 \mathrm{MPa}$ in tension and $30 \mathrm{MPa}$ in compression. Determine the largest couple $\mathrm{M}$ that can be applied to the beam.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Solve Prob. $4.16,$ assuming that $d=40 \mathrm{mm}$.

Erica Bartos

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

For the casting shown, determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied without exceeding either of the following allowable stresses: $\sigma_{211}=+6 \mathrm{ksi}, \sigma_{\mathrm{all}}=-15 \mathrm{ksi}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Knowing that for the extruded beam shown the allowable stress is $120 \mathrm{MPa}$ in tension and $150 \mathrm{MPa}$ in compression, determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Knowing that for the extruded beam shown the allowable stress is $120 \mathrm{MPa}$ in tension and $150 \mathrm{MPa}$ in compression, determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Straight rods of 6 -mm diameter and 30 -m length are stored by coiling the rods inside a drum of 1.25 -m inside diameter. Assuming that the yield strength is not exceeded, determine ( $a$ ) the maximum stress in a coiled rod, (b) the corresponding bending moment in the rod. Use $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

A 900 -mm strip of steel is bent into a full circle by two couples applied as shown. Determine (a) the maximum thickness $t$ of the strip if the allowable stress of the steel is $420 \mathrm{MPa}$, ( $b$ ) the corresponding moment $M$ of the couples. Use $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Straight rods of 0.30 -in. diameter and 200 -ft length are sometimes used to clear underground conduits of obstructions or to thread wires through a new conduit. The rods are made of high-strength steel and, for storage and transportation, are wrapped on spools of 5 -ft diameter. Assuming that the yield strength is not exceeded, determine (a) the maximum stress in a rod, when the rod, which is initially straight, is wrapped on a spool, $(b)$ the corresponding bending moment in the rod. Use $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

A $60-\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ couple is applied to the stecl bar shown. (a) Assuming that the couple is applied about the $z$ axis as shown, determine the maximum stress and the radius of curvature of the bar. (b) Solve part $a$, assuming that the couple is applied about the $y$ axis. Use $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

(a) Using an allowable stress of $120 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied to a beam of the cross section shown.
(b) Solve part $a$, assuming that the cross section of the beam is an $80-m m$ square.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

A thick-walled pipe is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple $\mathbf{M}$. The pipe may be designed with or without four fins.
(a) Using an allowable stress of $20 \mathrm{ksi}$, determine the largest couple that may be applied if the pipe is designed with four fins as shown.
$(b)$ Solve part $a$, assuming that the pipe is designed with no fins.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

A couple $\mathbf{M}$ will be applied to a beam of rectangular cross section that is to be sawed from a log of circular cross section. Determine the ratio $d / b$ for which $(a)$ the maximum stress $\sigma_{m}$ will be as small as possible, (b) the radius of curvature of the beam will be maximum.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

A portion of a square bar is removed by milling, so that its cross section is as shown. The bar is then bent about its horizontal axis by a couple M. Considering the case where $h=0.9 h_{04}$ express the maximum stress in the bar in the form $\sigma_{x}=k \sigma_{0}$ where $\sigma_{0}$ is the maximum stress that would have occurred if the original square bar had been bent by the same couple $\mathrm{M}$, and determine the value of $k$.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

In $\mathrm{Prob}, 4.28$, determine (a) the value of $h$ for which the maximum stress $a_{11}$ is as small as possible, (b) the corresponding value of $k$.

James Kiss

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

For the bar and loading of Concept Application 4.1 , determine (a) the madius of curvature $p,(b)$ the radius of curvature $\rho^{\prime}$ of a transverse cross section, (c) the angle between the sides of the birt that were originally vertical. Use $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi und $v=0.29$.

Naman Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 31

A $\mathrm{W} 200 \times 31.3$ ralled-steel beam is subjected to a couple $\mathrm{M}$ of moment $45 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$. Knowing that $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$ and $v=0.29$, deter mine
$(a)$ the radius of curvature $\rho$
(b) the radius of curvature $\rho^{\prime}$ of a transverse cross section.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

It was assumed in Sec. $4.1 \mathrm{B}$ that the normal stresses $\sigma$, in a member in pure bending are negligible. For an initially straight elastic member of rectangular cross section, (a) derive an approximate expression thus, that $a_{y}$ can be neglected in all practical situations, (Hint: Consider the free-body diagram of the portion of beam located below the surface of ordinate $y$ and assume that the distribution of the stress $\sigma_{i}$ is still linear:)

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

A bar having the cross section shown has been formed by securely bonding brass and aluminum stock. Using the data given in the table, determine the largest permissible bending moment when the composite bar is bent about a horizontal axis.
$$\begin{array}{ccc}
\hline & \text { Aluminum } & \text { Brass } \\
\hline \text { Modulus of elasticity } & 70 \mathrm{GPa} & 105 \mathrm{GPa} \\
\text { Allowable stress } & 100 \mathrm{MPa} & 160 \mathrm{MPa} \\
\hline
\end{array}$$

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

A bar having the cross section shown has been formed by securely bonding brass and aluminum stock. Using the data given in the table, determine the largest permissible bending moment when the composite bar is bent about a horizontal axis.
$$\begin{array}{ccc}
\hline & \text { Aluminum } & \text { Brass } \\
\hline \text { Modulus of elasticity } & 70 \mathrm{GPa} & 105 \mathrm{GPa} \\
\text { Allowable stress } & 100 \mathrm{MPa} & 160 \mathrm{MPa} \\
\hline
\end{array}$$

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

For the composite bar indicated, determine the largest permissible bending moment when the bar is bent about a vertical axis.
Bar of Prob. 4.33

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

For the composite bar indicated, determine the largest permissible bending moment when the bar is bent about a vertical axis.
Bar of Prob. 4.34

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

Three wooden beams and two steel plates are securely bolted together to form the composite member shown. Using the data given in the table, determine the largest permissible bending moment when the member is bent about a horizontal axis.
$$\begin{array}{lll}\hline & \text { Wood } & \text { Steel } \\
\hline \text { Modulus of elasticity } & 2 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{psi} & 29 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{psi} \\
\text { Allowable stress } & 2000 \mathrm{psi} & 22,000 \mathrm{psi} \\
\hline\end{array}$$

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

For the composite member of Prob. 4.37 , determine the largest permissible bending moment when the member is bent about a vertical axis.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

A copper strip $\left(E_{r}=105 \mathrm{GPa}\right)$ and an aluminum strip $\left(E_{p}=75 \mathrm{GPa}\right)$ are bonded together to form the composite beam shown. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple of moment $M=35 \mathrm{N}$ -m, determine the maximum stress in (a) the aluminum $\operatorname{strip},(b)$ the copper strip.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

A steel bar $\left(E_{x}=210 \mathrm{GPa}\right)$ and an aluminum bar $\left(E_{a}=70 \mathrm{GPa}\right)$ are bonded together to form the composite bar shown. Determine the maximum stress in (a) the aluminum, ( $b$ ) the steel, when the bar is bent about a horizontal axis, with $M=60 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$.

Naman Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

The $6 \times 10$ -in. timber beam has been strengthened by bolting to it the steel straps shown. The modulus of clasticity far wood is $15 \times 10^{6}$ psi and for steel is $29 \times 10^{\circ}$ psi. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple of moment $M=200 \mathrm{kip}$ -in, determine the maximum stress in (a) the wood, (b) the steel.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

The $6 \times 12$ -in. timber beam has been strengthened by bolting to it the steel reinforcement shown. The modulus of elasticity for wood is $1.8 \times 10^{6}$ psi md for steel is $29 \times 10^{6}$ psi. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple of moment $M=450 \mathrm{kip}$ -in... determine the maximum stress in (a) the wood, (b) the steel.

Kratika Bhadauria

Kratika Bhadauria

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

For the composite beam in Prob. 4.39 , determine the radius of curvature caused by the couple of moment $35 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

For the composite beam in Prob, 4.40 , determine the radius of curvature caused by the couple of moment $60 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$.

Suzanne W.

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

For the composite beam in Prob, 4.41 , determine the radius of curvarure caused by the couple of moment 200 kip-in.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

For the composite beam in Prob. 4.42 , determine the radius of curvature caused by the couple of moment 450 kip-in.

Suzanne W.

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

A concrete slab is reinforced by $\frac{5}{8}-$ in. -diameter steel rods placed on 5.5 -in. centers as shown. The modulus of elasticity is $3 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the concrete and $29 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the steel. Using an allowable stress of 1400 psi for the concrete and 20 ksi for the steel, determine the largest bending moment in a portion of slab 1 ft wide.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

Solve Prob. 4.47 , assuming that the spacing of the $\frac{5}{8}$ -in.- diameter steel rods is increased to 7.5 in.

Keshav Singh

Numerade Educator

Problem 49

The reinforced concrete beam shown is subjected to a positive bending moment of $175 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$. Knowing that the modulus of elasticity is $25 \mathrm{GPa}$ for the concrete and $200 \mathrm{GPa}$ for the steel, determine (a) the stress in the steel, (b) the maximum stress in the concrete.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

Solve Prob. $4.49,$ assuming that the 300 -mm width is increased to $350 \mathrm{mm}$.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

Knowing that the bending moment in the reinforced concrete beam is +100 kip-ft and that the modulus of elasticity is $3.625 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the concrete and $29 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the steel, determine ( $a$ ) the stress in the steel, $(b)$ the maximum stress in the concrete.

João Gabriel Alencar Caribé

João Gabriel Alencar Caribé

Numerade Educator

Problem 52

A concrete beam is reinforced by three steel rods placed as shown. The modulus of elasticity is $3 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the concrete and $29 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the steel. Using an allowable stress of 1350 psi for the concrete and $20 \mathrm{ksi}$ for the steel, determine the largest allowable positive bending moment in the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 53

The design of a reinforced concrete beam is said to be balanced if the maximum stresses in the steel and concrete are equal, respectively, to the allowable stresses $\sigma_{x}$ and $\sigma_{c}$. Show that to achieve a balanced design the distance $x$ from the top of the beam to the neutral axis must be
$$x=\frac{d}{1+\frac{\sigma_{s} E_{c}}{\sigma_{c} E_{s}}}$$
where $E_{c}$ and $E_{x}$ are the moduli of elasticity of conerete and steel, respectively, and $d$ is the distance from the top of the beam to the reinforcing steel.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 54

For the concrete beam shown, the modulus of elasticity is 25 GPa for the concrete and 200 GPa for the stecl. Knowing that $b=200 \mathrm{mm}$ and $d=450 \mathrm{mm},$ and using an allowable stress of $12.5 \mathrm{MPa}$ for the concrete and 140 MPa for the steel, determine (a) the required area $A_{s}$ of the steel reinforcement if the beam is to be balanced, (b) the largest allowable bending moment. (See Prob. 4.53 for definition of a balanced beam.)

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 55

Five metal strips, each $0.5 \times 1.5$ -in. cross section, are bonded together to form the composite beam shown. The modulus of elasticity is $30 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the steel, $15 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the brass, and $10 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the aluminum. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple of moment 12 kip-in., determine
(a) the maximum stress in each of the three metals,
(b) the radius of curvature of the composite beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 56

Five metal strips, each $0.5 \times 1.5$ -in. cross section, are bonded together to form the composite beam shown. The modulus of elasticity is $30 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the steel, $15 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the brass, and $10 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the aluminum. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple of moment 12 kip-in., determine
(a) the maximum stress in each of the three metals,
(b) the radius of curvature of the composite beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 57

The composite beam shown is formed by bonding together a brass rod and an aluminum rod of semicircular cross sections. The modulus of elasticity is $15 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the brass and $10 \times 10^{6}$ psi for the aluminum. Knowing that the composite beam is bent about a horizontal axis by couples of moment 8 kip-in., determine the $\max$ imum stress $(a)$ in the brass, $(b)$ in the aluminum.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 58

A steel pipe and an aluminum pipe are securely bonded together to form the composite beam shown. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for the steel and 70 GPa for the aluminum. Knowing that the composite beam is bent by a couple of moment $500 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ determine the maximum stress $(a)$ in the aluminum, $(b)$ in the steel.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 59

The rectangular beam shown is made of a plastic for which the value of the modulus of elasticity in tension is one-half of its value in compression. For a bending moment $M=600 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m},$ determine the maximum
(a) tensile stress,
(b) compressive stress.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 60

A rectangular beam is made of material for which the modulus of elasticity is $E,$ in tension and $E,$ in compression. Show that the curvature of the beam in pure bending is
\[\frac{1}{\rho}=\frac{M}{E_{r} I}\]
where
\[E_{r}=\frac{4 E_{r} E_{c}}{(\sqrt{E_{r}}+\sqrt{E_{c}})^{2}}\]

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 61

Knowing that $M=250 \mathrm{N}$ -m, determine the maximum stress in the beam shown when the radius $r$ of the fillets is $(a) 4 \mathrm{mm},(b) 8 \mathrm{mm}$.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 62

Knowing that the allowable stress for the beam shown is $90 \mathrm{MPa}$ determine the allowable bending moment $M$ when the radius $F$ of the fillets is $(a) 8 \mathrm{mm},(b) 12 \mathrm{mm}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 63

Semicircular grooves of radius $r$ must be milled as shown in the top and bottom portions of a steel member. Knowing that $M=4$ kip-in. determine the maximum stress in the member when the radius $r$ of the semicircular grooves is (a) $r=0.25$ in. $,(b) r=0.375$ in.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 64

Semicircular grooves of radius $r$ must be milled as shown in the top and bottom portions of a steel member, Using an allowable stress of $10 \mathrm{ksi},$ determine the largest bending moment that can be applicd to the member when $(a) r=0.25$ in. $(b) r=0.5$ in.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 65

A couple of moment $M=2 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ is to be applied to the end of a stecl bar. Determine the maximum stress in the bar ( $a$ ) if the bar is designed with grooves having semicircular portions of radius $r=10 \mathrm{mm}$ $(b)$ if the bar is redesigned by removing the as shown in Fig. $a$. material to the left and right of the dashed lines as shown in Fig. $b$.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 66

The allowable stress used in the design of a stecl bar is $80 \mathrm{MPa}$. Deter mine the largest couple $M$ that can be applicd to the bar (a) if the bar is designed with grooves having semicircular portions of mdius $r=15 \mathrm{mm}$ as shown in Fig $a,(b)$ if the bar is redesigned by removing the material to the left and right of the dashed lines as shown in Fig. $b$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 67

A bar of rectangular cross section, made of a steel assumed to be elastoplastic with $\sigma_{Y}=320 \mathrm{MPa}$, is subjected to a couple $\mathrm{M}$ parallel to the $z$ axis. Determine the moment $M$ of the couple for which
(a) yield first occurs, $(b)$ the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the bar are $5 \mathrm{mm}$ thick.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 68

Solve Prob. 4.67 , assuming that the couple $\mathbf{M}$ is parallel to the $y$ axis.

Vidhi Bhatt

Numerade Educator

Problem 69

A solid square rod of side 0.6 in. is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with $E=29 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{psi}$ and $\sigma_{y}=48 \mathrm{ksi} .$ Knowing that a couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied and maintained about an axis parallel to a side of the cross section, determine the moment $M$ of the couple for which the radius of curvature is $6 \mathrm{ft}$.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 70

For the solid square rod of Prob. 4.69 , determine the moment $M$ for which the radius of curvature is $3 \mathrm{ft}$.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 71

The prismatic rod shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$ and $\sigma_{Y}=280 \mathrm{MPa}$. Knowing that couples $\mathbf{M}$ and $\mathbf{M}$ ' of moment $525 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ are applied and maintained about axes parallel to the $y$ axis, determine (a) the thickness of the elastic core, $(b)$ the radius of curvature of the bar.

Dominador Tan

Numerade Educator

Problem 72

Solve Prob. 4.71 , assuming that the couples $\mathbf{M}$ and $\mathbf{M}$ ' are applied and maintained about axes parallel to the $x$ axis.

Vidhi Bhatt

Numerade Educator

Problem 73

A beam of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with $E=200$ GPa and $\sigma_{y}=240 \mathrm{MPa}$ For bending about the $z$ axis, determine the bending moment at which (a) yield first occurs, $(b)$ the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the bar are 30 mm thick.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 74

A beam of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with $E=200$ GPa and $\sigma_{y}=240 \mathrm{MPa}$ For bending about the $z$ axis, determine the bending moment at which (a) yield first occurs, $(b)$ the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the bar are 30 mm thick.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 75

A beam of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be clastoplastic with $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi and $\sigma_{y}=42 \mathrm{ksi}$. For bending about the $=$ axis, determine the bending moment at which
(a) yield first occurs,
(b) the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the bar are 1 in. thick.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 76

A beam of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be clastoplastic with $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi and $\sigma_{y}=42 \mathrm{ksi}$. For bending about the $=$ axis, determine the bending moment at which
(a) yield first occurs,
(b) the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the bar are 1 in. thick.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 77

For the beam indicated, determine $(a)$ the plastic moment $M_{p^{*}}(b)$ the shape factor of the cross section.
Beam of Prob. 4.73.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 78

For the beam indicated, determine $(a)$ the plastic moment $M_{p^{*}}(b)$ the shape factor of the cross section.
Beam of Prob. 4.74

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 79

For the beam indicated, determine $(a)$ the plastic moment $M_{p^{*}}(b)$ the shape factor of the cross section.
Beam of Prob. 4.75

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 80

For the beam indicated, determine $(a)$ the plastic moment $M_{p^{*}}(b)$ the shape factor of the cross section.
Beam of Prob. 4.76

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 81

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of a steel beam of the cross section shown, assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of $240 \mathrm{MPa}$.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 82

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of a steel beam of the cross section shown, assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of $240 \mathrm{MPa}$.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 83

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of a steel beam of the cross section shown, assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of $240 \mathrm{MPa}$.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 84

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of the cross section shown, assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of $36 \mathrm{ksi}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 85

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of the cross section shown when the beam is bent about a horizontal axis. Assume the material to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of $175 \mathrm{MPa}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 86

Determine the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of a steel beam of the cross section shown, assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with a yield strength of 36 ksi..

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 87

For the beam indicated, a couple of moment equal to the full plastic moment $M_{p}$ is applied and then removed. Using a yield strength of $240 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the residual stress at $y=45 \mathrm{mm}$.
Beam of Prob. 4.73

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 88

For the beam indicated, a couple of moment equal to the full plastic moment $M_{p}$ is applied and then removed. Using a yield strength of $240 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the residual stress at $y=45 \mathrm{mm}$.
Beam of Prob. 4.74

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 89

For the beam indicated, a couple of moment equal to the full plastic moment $M_{p}$ is applied and then removed. Using a yield strength of 42 ksi, determine the residual stress at $(a) y=1$ in.
(b) $y=2$ in.
Beam of Prob. 4.75

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 90

For the beam indicated, a couple of moment equal to the full plastic moment $M_{p}$ is applied and then removed. Using a yield strength of 42 ksi, determine the residual stress at $(a) y=1$ in.
(b) $y=2$ in.
Beam of Prob. 4.76

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 91

A bending couple is applied to the beam of Prob. $4.73,$ causing plastic zones $30 \mathrm{mm}$ thick to develop at the top and bottom of the beam. After the couple has been removed, determine ( $a$ ) the residual stress at $y=45 \mathrm{mm},(b)$ the points where the residual stress is zero, (c) the radius of curvature corresponding to the permanent deformation of the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 92

A beam of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with $E=29 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{psi}$ and $\sigma_{Y}=42 \mathrm{ksi}$ A bending couple is applied to the beam about the $z$ axis, causing plastic zones 2 in. thick to develop at the top and bottom of the beam. After the couple has been removed, determine ( $a$ ) the residual stress at $y=2$ in. $(b)$ the points where the residual stress is zero, (c) the radius of curvature corresponding to the permanent deformation of the beam.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 93

A rectangular bar that is straight and unstressed is bent into an arc of circle of radius $\rho$ by two couples of moment $M$. After the couples are removed, it is observed that the radius of curvature of the bar is $\rho_{R}$. Denoting by $\rho_{Y}$ the radius of curvature of the bar at the onset of yield, show that the radii of curvature satisfy the following relation:
\[\frac{1}{\rho_{R}}=\frac{1}{\rho}\left\{1-\frac{3}{2} \frac{\rho}{\rho_{Y}}\left[1-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{\rho}{\rho_{Y}}\right)^{2}\right]\right\}\]

Malika Singh

Numerade Educator

Problem 94

A solid bar of rectangular cross section is made of a material that is assumed to be elastoplastic. Denoting by $M_{Y}$ and $\rho_{Y},$ respectively, the bending moment and radius of curvature at the onset of yield, determine (a) the radius of curvature when a couple of moment $M=1.25 M_{Y}$ is applied to the bar, $(b)$ the radius of curvature after the couple is removed. Check the results obtained by using the relation derived in Prob. 4.93.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 95

The prismatic bar $A B$ is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic and for which $E=200$ GPa. Knowing that the radius of curvature of the bar is $2.4 \mathrm{m}$ when a couple of moment $M=350 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ is applied as shown, determine (a) the yield strength of the steel.
(b) the thickness of the elastic core of the bar.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 96

The prismatic bar $A B$ is made of an aluminum alloy for which the tensile stress-strain diagram is as shown. Assuming that the
$a-e$ diagram is the same in compression as in tension, determine
(a) the radius of curvature of the bar when the maximum stress is $250 \mathrm{MPa}$
(b) the corresponding value of the bending moment. (Hint: For part $b$, plot $\sigma$ versus $y$ and use an approximate method of integration.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 97

The prismatic bar $A B$ is made of a bronze alloy for which the fensile stress-strain diagram is as shown. Assuming that the $o$ - $e$ diagram is the same in compression as in tension, determine ( $a$ ) the maximum stress in the bar when the radius of curvature of the bar is 100 in. (b) the corresponding value of the bending moment. (See hint given in Prob. $4.96 .$

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 98

A prismatic bar of rectangular cross section is made of an alloy for Which the stress-strain diagram can be represented by the relation $e=k o^{n}$ for $\sigma>0$ and $\varepsilon=-\left|k c^{\prime \prime}\right|$ for $\sigma<0 .$ If a couple $M$ is applicd to the bar, show that the maximum stress is
\[\sigma_{m}=\frac{1+2 n}{3 n} \frac{M c}{I}\]

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 99

Knowing that the magnitude of the vertical force $\mathbf{P}$ is $2 \mathrm{kN}$, deter. mine the stress at $(a)$ point $A$ $(b)$ point $B$.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator

Problem 100

A small post $D E$ is supported by a short $10 \times 10$ -in. column as shown. In a section $A B C$. sufficicntly far from the post to remain plane, determine the stress at $(a)$ corner $A,(b)$ corner $C$.

Kratika Bhadauria

Kratika Bhadauria

Numerade Educator

Problem 101

Two forces $\mathbf{P}$ can be applied separately or at the same time to a plate that is welded to a solid circular bar of radius $r$. Determine the larg. est compressive stress in the circular bar, (a) when both forces are applied. (b) when only one of the forces is applied.

Akshaya Rs

Numerade Educator

Problem 102

A short $120 \times 180$ -mm column supports the three axial loads shown. Knowing that section $A B D$ is sufficiently far from the loads to remain plane, determine the stress at $(a)$ corner $A$, (b) corner $B$.

Kratika Bhadauria

Kratika Bhadauria

Numerade Educator

Problem 103

As many as three axial loads, each of magnitude $P=50 \mathrm{kN},$ can be applied to the end of a $\mathrm{W} 200 \times 31.1$ rolled-steel shape. Determine the stress at point $A,(a)$ for the loading shown, $(b)$ if loads are applied at points 1 and 2 only.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 104

Two 10 -kN forces are applied to a $20 \times 60$ -mm rectangular bar as shown. Determine the stress at point $A$ when $(a) b=0,(b) b=15 \mathrm{mm}$, (c) $b=25 \mathrm{mm}$.

Ryan Pollard

Numerade Educator

Problem 105

Portions of a $\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2}$ -in. square bur have been bent to form the rwo machine components shown, Knowing that the allowable stress is 15 ksi, determine the maximum load that can be applied to cach component.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 106

Knowing that the allowable stress in section $a$ -a is 75 MPa, determine the largest force that can be exerted by the press shown.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 107

A milling operation was used to remove a portion of a solid bar of square cross section. Knowing that $a=30 \mathrm{mm}, d=20 \mathrm{mm},$ and $\sigma_{\text {all }}=60 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the magnitude $P$ of the largest forces that can be safely applied at the centers of the ends of the bar.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 108

A milling operation was used to remove a portion of a solid bar of square cross section. Forces of magnitude $P=18 \mathrm{kN}$ are applied at the centers of the ends of the bar. Knowing that $a=30 \mathrm{mm}$ and $\sigma_{\text {all }}=135 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the smallest allowable depth $d$ of the milled portion of the bar.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 109

The two forces shown are applied to a rigid plate supported by a steel pipe of 8 -in. outer diameter and 7 -in. inner diameter. Determine the value of $\mathbf{P}$ for which the maximum compressive stress in the pipe is 15 ksi.

Satpal Satpal

Numerade Educator

Problem 110

An offset $h$ must be introduced into a solid circular rod of diameter $d$ Knowing that the maximum stress after the offset is introduced must not exceed 5 times the stress in the rod when it is straight, determine the largest offset that can be used.

Satpal Satpal

Numerade Educator

Problem 111

An offset $h$ must be introduced into a metal tube of 0.75 -in. outer diameter and 0.08 -in. wall thickness. Knowing that the maximum stress after the offset is introduced must not exceed 4 times the stress in the tube when it is straight, determine the largest offset that can be used.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 112

A short column is made by nailing four $1 \times 4$ -in. planks to a $4 \times 4$ -in. timber. Using an allowable stress of 600 psi, determine the largest compressive load $\mathbf{P}$ that can be applied at the center of the top section of the timber column as shown if $(a)$ the column is as described,
(b) plank 1 is removed,
$(c)$ planks 1 and 2 are removed,
(d) planks 1 $2,$ and 3 are removed
$(e)$ all planks are removed.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator

Problem 113

A vertical rod is attached at point $A$ to the cast-iron hanger shown. Knowing that the allowable stresses in the hanger are $\sigma_{\mathrm{all}}=+5 \mathrm{ksi}$ and $\sigma_{\text {an }}=-12$ ksi, determine the largest downward force and the largest upward force that can be exerted by the rod.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 114

To provide access to the interior of a hollow square tube of 0.25 -in. wall thickness, the portion $C D$ of one side of the tube has been removed. Knowing that the loading of the tube is equivalent to two equal and opposite 15 -kip forces acting at the geometric centers $A$ and $E$ of the ends of the tube, determine ( $a$ ) the maximum stress in section $a-a,(b)$ the stress at point $F$. Given: The centroid of the cross section shown is at $C$ and $I_{z}=4.81$ in $^{4}$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 115

Knowing that the clamp shown has been tightened on wooden planks being glued together until $P=400 \mathrm{N}$, determine in section $a-a$ (a) the stress at point $A,(b)$ the stress at point $D,(c)$ the location of the neutral axis.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 116

The shape shown was formed by bending a thin steel plate. Assuming that the thickness $t$ is small compared to the length $a$ of each side of the shape, determine the stress $(a)$ at $A,(b)$ at $B,(c)$ at $C$.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 117

Three steel plates, each of $25 \times 150$ -mm cross section, are welded together to form a short H-shaped column. Later, for architectural reasons, a $25-\mathrm{mm}$ strip is removed from each side of one of the flanges. Knowing that the load remains centric with respect to the original cross section, and that the allowable stress is $100 \mathrm{MPa}$ determine the largest force $\mathbf{P}$ that $(a)$ could be applied to the original column, (b) can be applied to the modified column.

Kratika Bhadauria

Kratika Bhadauria

Numerade Educator

Problem 118

A vertical force $\mathbf{P}$ of magnitude 20 kips is applied at point $C$ located on the axis of symmetry of the cross section of a short column. Knowing that $y=5$ in., determine ( $a$ ) the stress at point $A$, (b) the stress at point $B,(c)$ the location of the neutral axis.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 119

Knowing that the allowable stress in section $a$ -a of the hydraulic press shown is $6 \mathrm{ksi}$ in tension and $12 \mathrm{ksi}$ in compression, determine the largest force $\mathbf{P}$ that can be exerted by the press.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 120

The four bars shown have the same cross-sectional area. For the given loadings, show that $(a)$ the maximum compressive stresses are in the ratio $4: 5: 7: 9,(b)$ the maximum tensile stresses are in the ratio $2: 3: 5: 3 .$ (Note: The cross section of the triangular bar is an equilateral triangle.)

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 121

An eccentric force $\mathbf{P}$ is applied as shown to a steel bar of $25 \times 90-\mathrm{mm}$ cross section. The strains at $A$ and $B$ have been measured and found to be
\[\varepsilon_{A}=+350 \mu \quad \varepsilon_{B}=-70 \mu\]
Knowing that $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$, determine (a) the distance $d$ $(b)$ the magnitude of the force $\mathbf{P}$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 122

Solve Prob. 4.121 , assuming that the measured strains are
\[\varepsilon_{A}=+600 \mu \quad \varepsilon_{B}=+420 \mu\]

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 123

The C-shaped steel bar is used as a dynamometer to determine the magnitude $P$ of the forces shown. Knowing that the cross section of the bar is a square of side $40 \mathrm{mm}$ and that the strain on the inner edge was measured and found to be $450 \mu$, determine the magnitude $P$ of the forces. Use $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$.

Naman Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 124

A short length of a rolled-steel column sapports a rigid plate on Which two loads $\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{Q}$ are applied as shown. The strains at two points $A$ and $B$ on the centerline of the outer faces of the flanges have becn measured and found to be
\[\varepsilon_{A}=-400 \times 10^{-6} \text {in } \text { fin } \quad \varepsilon_{B}=-300 \times 10^{-6} \text {in } / \text { in }\]
Knowing that $k=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi, determine the magnitude of each load.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 125

A single vertical force $\mathbf{P}$ is applicd to a short steel post as shown. Gages located at $A, B,$ and $C$ indicate the following strains:
\[\mathcal{E}_{A}=-500 \mu \quad \varepsilon_{n}=-1000 \mu \quad \varepsilon_{c}=-200 \mu\]
Knowing that $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi, determine (a) the magnitude of $\mathbf{P}$
(b) the line of action of $\mathbf{P}$, (c) the corresponding strain at the hidden cdge of the post, where $x=-2.5$ in. and $z=-1.5$ in.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 126

The eccentric axial foree $P$ acts at point $D$, which must be located $25 \mathrm{mm}$ below the top surface of the steel bar shown. For $P=60 \mathrm{kN}$
(a) determine the depth $d$ of the bar for which the tensile stress at point $A$ is maximum, $(b)$ the corresponding stress at $A$.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 127

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 128

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 129

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 130

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 131

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 132

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 133

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 134

The couple $\mathbf{M}$ is applied to a beam of the cross section shown in a plane forming an angle $\beta$ with the vertical. Determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B,(c)$ point $D$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 135

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 136

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 137

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 138

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 139

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 140

The couple $M$ acts in a vertical plane and is applicd to a beam oriented as shown. Determine (a) the angle that the neutral axis forms with the horizontal, ( $b$ ) the maximum tensile stress in the beam.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 141

The couple $\mathrm{M}$ acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented as shown. Determine the stress at point $A$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 142

The couple $\mathrm{M}$ acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented as shown. Determine the stress at point $A$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 143

The couple $\mathrm{M}$ acts in a vertical plane and is applied to a beam oriented as shown. Determine the stress at point $A$.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 144

The tube shown has a uniform wall thickness of $12 \mathrm{mm}$. For the loading given, determine (a) the stress at points $A$ and $B,(b)$ the point where the neutral axis intersects line $A B D$.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 145

A horizontal load $\mathbf{P}$ of magnitude $100 \mathrm{kN}$ is applied to the beam shown. Determine the largest distance $a$ for which the maximum tensile stress in the beam does not exceed 75 MPa.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 146

Knowing that $P=90$ kips, determine the largest distance $a$ for which the maximum compressive stress does not exceed 18 ksi.

Dominador Tan

Numerade Educator

Problem 147

Knowing that $a=1.25$ in., determine the largest value of $\mathbf{P}$ that can be applied without exceeding either of the following allowable stresses:
\[\sigma_{\text {len }}=10 \mathrm{ksi} \quad \sigma_{\text {comp }}=18 \mathrm{ksi}\]

Amy Jiang

Numerade Educator

Problem 148

The 120 -kN load may be applied at any point on the circumference of the 40 -mm-radius circle shown. If $\theta=20^{\circ},$ determine $(a)$ the stress at $A,(b)$ the stress at $B,(c)$ the point where the neutral axis intersects line $A B D$.

Dominador Tan

Numerade Educator

Problem 149

Knowing that the 120 -kN load may be applied at any point on the circumference of the 40 -mm-radius circle shown, determine $(a)$ the value of $\theta$ for which the stress at $D$ reaches its largest value, $(b)$ the corresponding stress at $A, B,$ and $D$.

Dominador Tan

Numerade Educator

Problem 150

A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ that acts in a vertical plane. Determine the largest permissible value of the moment $M_{0}$ of the couple if the maximum stress in the beam is not to exceed 12 ksi. Given: $I_{y}=I_{z}=11.3$ in $^{4}, A=4.75$ in $^{2}$ $k_{\min }=0.983$ in. (Hint: By reason of symmetry, the principal axes form an angle of $45^{\circ}$ with the coordinate axes. Use the relations $I_{\min }=A k_{\min }^{2}$ and $I_{\min }+I_{\max }=I_{y}+I_{z}$).

M Hassan Anwar

Numerade Educator

Problem 151

Solve Prob. $4.150,$ assuming that the couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acts in a horizontal plane.

Jonathan Ibarra

Jonathan Ibarra

Numerade Educator

Problem 152

The Z section shown is subjected to a couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acting in a vertical plane. Determine the largest permissible value of the moment $M_{0}$ of the couple if the maximum stress is not to exceed 80 MPa. Given: $I_{\max }=2.28 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{m}^{4}, I_{\min }=0.23 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{m}^{4},$ principal axes $25.7^{\circ} \nabla$ and $64.3^{\circ} Z$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 153

Solve Prob. 4.152 assuming that the couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acts in a horizontal plane.

Dading Chen

Numerade Educator

Problem 154

Two horizontal loads are applied as shown to a short section of a $\mathrm{C} 10 \times 15.3$ rolled-steel channel. Knowing that the tensile stress in the member is not to exceed $10 \mathrm{ksi}$, determine the largest permissible load $\mathbf{P}$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 155

A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acting in a vertical plane. Determine the largest permissible value of the moment $M_{0}$ of the couple if the maximum stress is not to exceed 100 MPa. Given: $I_{y}=I_{z}=b^{4} / 36$ and $I_{y z}=b^{4} / 72$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 156

Show that, if a solid rectangular beam is bent by a couple applied in a plane containing one diagonal of a rectangular cross section, the neutral axis will lie along the other diagonal.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 157

(a) Show that the stress at corner $A$ of the prismatic member shown in Fig. $a$ will be zero if the vertical force $\mathbf{P}$ is applied at a point located on the line
\[\frac{x}{b / 6}+\frac{z}{h / 6}=1\]
(b) Further show that, if no tensile stress is to occur in the member, the force $\mathbf{P}$ must be applied at a point located within the area bounded by the line found in part $a$ and three similar lines corresponding to the condition of zero stress at $B, C,$ and $D,$ respectively. This area, shown in Fig. $b,$ is known as the kern of the cross section.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 158

A beam of unsymmetric cross section is subjected to a couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acting in the horizontal plane $x z .$ Show that the stress at point $A$ of coordinates $y$ and $z$ is
\[\sigma_{A}=\frac{z I_{z}-y I_{y z}}{I_{y} I_{z}-I_{y z}^{2}} M_{y}\]
where $I_{y}, I_{z},$ and $I_{y z}$ denote the moments and product of inertia of the cross section with respect to the coordinate axes, and $M_{y}$ the moment of the couple.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 159

A beam of unsymmetric cross section is subjected to a couple $\mathbf{M}_{0}$ acting in the vertical plane $x y .$ Show that the stress at point $A$ of coordinates $y$ and $z$ is
\[\sigma_{A}=-\frac{y I_{y}-z I_{y z}}{I_{y} I_{z}-I_{y z}^{2}} M_{z}\]
where $I_{y}, I_{\simeq}$ and $I_{y z}$ denote the moments and product of inertia of the cross section with respect to the coordinate axes, and $M_{z}$ the moment of the couple.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 160

(a) Show that, if a vertical force $\mathbf{P}$ is applied at point $A$ of the section shown, the equation of the neutral axis $B D$ is
\[\left(\frac{x_{A}}{r_{z}^{2}}\right) x+\left(\frac{z_{4}}{r_{x}^{2}}\right) z=-1\]
where $r_{z}$ and $r_{x}$ denote the radius of gyration of the cross section with respect to the $z$ axis and the $x$ axis, respectively. ( $b$ ) Further show that, if a vertical force $\mathbf{Q}$ is applied at any point located on line $B D,$ the stress at point $A$ will be zero.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 161

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the stress at point $A$ when $(a) r_{1}=30 \mathrm{mm},(b) r_{1}=50 \mathrm{mm}$.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

Problem 162

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the stress at points $A$ and $B$ when $r_{1}=40 \mathrm{mm}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 163

For the machine component and loading shown, determine the stress at point $A$ when (a) $h=2$ in. $(b) h=2.6$ in.

Eric Mockensturm

Eric Mockensturm

Numerade Educator

Problem 164

For the machine component and loading shown, determine the stress at points $A$ and $B$ when $h=2.5$ in.

Keshav Singh

Numerade Educator

Problem 165

The curved bar shown has a cross section of $40 \times 60 \mathrm{mm}$ and an inner radius $r_{1}=15 \mathrm{mm}$. For the loading shown, determine the largest tensile and compressive stresses.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 166

For the curved bar and loading shown, determine the percent error introduced in the computation of the maximum stress by assuming that the bar is straight. Consider the case when
$(a) r_{1}=20 \mathrm{mm}$
(b) $r_{1}=200 \mathrm{mm},(c) r_{1}=2 \mathrm{m}$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 167

Steel links having the cross section shown are available with different central angles $\beta .$ Knowing that the allowable stress is 12 ksi determine the largest force $\mathbf{P}$ that can be applied to a link for which $\beta=90^{\circ}$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 168

Solve Prob. $4.167,$ assuming that $\beta=60^{\circ}$.

Vidhi Bhatt

Numerade Educator

Problem 169

The curved bar shown has a cross section of $30 \times 30 \mathrm{mm}$. Knowing that the allowable compressive stress is $175 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the largest allowable distance $a$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 170

For the split ring shown, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A$ (b) point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 171

Three plates are welded together to form the curved beam shown. For $M=8$ kip.in., determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$
(c) the centroid of the cross section.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 172

Three plates are welded together to form the curved beam shown. For the given loading, determine the distance $e$ between the neutral axis and the centroid of the cross section.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 173

A machine component has a T-shaped cross section that is orientated as shown. Knowing that $M=2.5 \mathrm{kN} \cdot \mathrm{m}$, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 174

Assuming that the couple shown is replaced by a vertical 10 -kN force attached at point $D$ and acting downward, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Sanu Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 175

The split ring shown has an inner radius $r_{1}=0.8$ in. and a circular cross section of diameter $d=0.6$ in. Knowing that each of the $120-16$ forces is applied at the centroid of the cross section, determine the stress $(a)$ at point $A,(b)$ at point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 176

Solve Prob. 4.175 , assuming that the ring has an inner radius $r_{1}=0.6$ in. and a cross-sectional diameter $d=0.8$ in.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 177

The bar shown has a circular cross section of 14 -mm diameter. Knowing that $a=32 \mathrm{mm},$ determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A$
(b) point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 178

The bar shown has a circular cross section of 14 -mm diameter. Knowing that the allowable stress is $38 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine the largest permissible distance $a$ from the line of action of the 220 -N forces to the plane containing the center of curvature of the bar.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 179

The curved bar shown has a circular cross section of $32-\mathrm{mm}$ diameter.
Determine the largest couple $\mathbf{M}$ that can be applied to the bar about a horizontal axis if the maximum stress is not to exceed 60 MPa.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 180

Knowing that $P=10 \mathrm{kN}$, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 181

Knowing that $M=5$ kip-in., determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 182

Knowing that $M=5$ kip-in., determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 183

Knowing that the machine component shown has a trapezoidal cross section with $a=3.5$ in. and $b=2.5$ in. determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 184

Knowing that the machine component shown has a trapezoidal cross section with $a=2.5$ in. and $b=3.5$ in., determine the stress at (a) point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 185

For the curved beam and loading shown, determine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 186

For the crane hook shown, determine the largest tensile stress in section $a=a$.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 187

Using Eq. $(4.66),$ derive the expression for $R$ given in Fig. 4.61 for
A circular cross section.

Carson Merrill

Numerade Educator

Problem 188

Using Eq. $(4.66),$ derive the expression for $R$ given in Fig. 4.61 for
A trapezoidal cross section.

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Khoobchandra Agrawal

Numerade Educator

Problem 189

Using Eq. $(4.66),$ derive the expression for $R$ given in Fig. 4.61 for
A triangular cross section.

Cindy Nadolny

Numerade Educator

Problem 190

Show that if the cross section of a curved beam consists of two or more rectangles, the radius $R$ of the neutral surface can be expressed as
\[R=\frac{A}{\ln \left[\left(\frac{r_{2}}{r_{1}}\right)^{b_{1}}\left(\frac{r_{3}}{r_{2}}\right)^{b_{2}}\left(\frac{r_{4}}{r_{3}}\right)^{b_{3}}\right]}\]
where $A$ is the total area of the cross section.

R M

Numerade Educator

Problem 191

For a curved bar of rectangular cross section subjected to a bending couple $\mathbf{M},$ show that the radial stress at the neutral surface is
\[\sigma_{r}=\frac{M}{A e}\left(1-\frac{r_{1}}{R}-\ln \frac{R}{r_{1}}\right)\]
and compute the value of $\sigma_{r}$ for the curved bar of Concept Applications 4.10 and $4.11 .$ (Hint: Consider the free-body diagram of the portion of the beam located above the neutral surface.)

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 192

Two vertical forces are applicd to a beam of the cross scetion shown. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion $B C$ of the beam.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 193

A steel band saw blade that was originally straight passes over $8-$ in -diameter pulleys when mounted on a band saw, Determine the maximum stress in the blade, knowing that it is 0.018 in, thick and 0,625 in. wide, Use $E=29 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{psi}$.

Nicholas Mogoi

Numerade Educator

Problem 194

A couple of magnitude $M$ is applied 10 a square bar of side $a$. For each of the orientations shown, determine the maximum stress and the curvature of the bar.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 195

A thick-walled pipe of the cross section shown is made of a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic with a yield strength $\sigma_{\gamma}$. Derive an expression for the plastic moment $M_{p}$ of the pipe in terms of $c_{1}, c_{2}$ and $\sigma_{\gamma}$.

Satpal Satpal

Numerade Educator

Problem 196

To increase corrosion resistance, a 2 -mm-thick cladding of aluminum has been added to a steel bar as shown. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for steel and $70 \mathrm{GPa}$ for aluminum. For a bending moment of $300 \mathrm{N}$. $\mathrm{m}$, determine ( $a$ ) the maximum stress in the steel,
(b) the maximum stress in the aluminum,
(c) the radius of curvature of the bar.

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

Problem 197

The vertical portion of the press shown consists of a rectangular tube of wall thickness $t=10 \mathrm{mm}$. Knowing that the press has been tightened on wooden planks being glued together until $P=20 \mathrm{kN}$, deter mine the stress at $(a)$ point $A,(b)$ point $B$.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator

Problem 198

For the loading shown, determine (a) the stress at points $A$ and $B$, (b) the point where the neutral axis intersects line $A B D$.

Eric Mockensturm

Eric Mockensturm

Numerade Educator

Problem 199

Knowing that the maximum allowable stress is 45 MPa, determine the magnitude of the largest moment $M$ that can be applied to the component shown.

Surendra Kumar

Numerade Educator

Problem 200

Determine the maximum stress in each of the two machine elements shown.

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

Problem 201

Three $120 \times 10$ -mm steel plates have been welded together to form the beam shown. Assuming that the steel is elastoplastic with $E=200 \mathrm{GPa}$ and $\sigma_{Y}=300 \mathrm{MPa}$, determine $(a)$ the bending moment for which the plastic zones at the top and bottom of the beam are $40 \mathrm{mm}$ thick, (b) the corresponding radius of curvature of the beam.

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 202

A short length of a $\mathrm{W} 8 \times 31$ rolled-steel shape supports a rigid plate on which two loads $\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{Q}$ are applied as shown. The strains at two points $A$ and $B$ on the centerline of the outer faces of the flanges have been measured and found to be
\[\varepsilon_{A}=-550 \times 10^{-6} \text {in./in. } \quad \varepsilon_{B}=-680 \times 10^{-6} \text {in./in. }\]
Knowing that $E=29 \times 10^{6}$ psi, determine the magnitude of each load.

Chai Santi

Numerade Educator

Problem 203

Two thin strips of the same material and same cross section are bent by couples of the same magnitude and glued together. After the two surfaces of contact have been securely bonded, the couples are removed. Denoting by $\sigma_{1}$ the maximum stress and by $\rho_{1}$ the radius of curvature of each strip while the couples were applied, determine
(a) the final stresses at points $A, B, C,$ and $D,(b)$ the final radius of curvature.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator